Sukarno's Guided Democracy and the Takeovers of Foreign Companies in Indonesia in the 1960s

Jul 8, 2026

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The dissertation examines Sukarno’s “Guided Democracy” and the 1960s takeover of foreign companies in Indonesia, focusing on the shift from earlier parliamentary governance to a new political order. It analyzes how government structure, political power, ideology, mass action, and ministerial administration shaped policy toward foreign investment between 1963 and 1965. The study also reviews historiography and sources, and traces developments from 1950 through the early 1960s in foreign relations and national economic construction.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages629

Reading Time26 h 25 min

Acknowledgements

Chapter One: Introduction

Some Photographs

The Big Picture: The Takeover of Foreign Companies and Elimination of Foreign Investment in Indonesia from 1963-1965

Historiography and Sources

Approach and Structure

Chapter Two: Indonesia From 1950 to the early 1960s

The Political Setting

Foreign Relations, 1950-c.1962

The Economy, 1950-c.1962: Constructing a National Economy

Conclusion: Indonesia in 1962

Chapter Three: Foreign Investment, 1950-early 1963

Foreign Investment Policy and Regime, 1950-1962

Description of Foreign Investment c. Early 1963

Conclusion

Sukarno's guided democracy and the takeovers of foreign companies in Indonesia in the 1960s Redfern,William A Dissertation Abstracts International,A:The Humanities and Social Sciences;0,2011;71,12;Social Science Premium Collectionpg.4527 # Sukarno's Guided Democracy and the Takeovers ofForeign Companies in Indonesia in the 1960s by William A.Redfern A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy(History) in The University of Michigan2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor Rudolf Mrazek,Co-ChairProfessor Victor B.Lieberman,Co-ChairProfessor Linda Y.C.LimAssociate Professor Allen D.Hicken UMI Number:3429474 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscriptand there are missing pages,these willbe noted.Also,if material had to be removed,a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI 3429474 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved.This edition of the work is protected againstunauthorized copying under Title 17,United States Code. ProQuest LLC789 East Eisenhower ParkwayP.O.Box 1346Ann Arbor,MI 48106-1346 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee -Professors Mrazek,Lieberman,Hicken and Lim -for their support and guidance over the past years,not onlywith respect to this dissertation but on a personal level as well.Their advice andfriendship has meant a great deal to me.I especially want to thank the two co-chairs,Rudolf Mrazek and Vic Lieberman,for their infinite patience and wisdom;it would bedifficult to find two people anywhere who know more about Southeast Asian history andwho approach it in such distinctive manners.I also want to express my gratitude to JohnWhitmore,the epitome of the gentleman-scholar,for his enduring encouragement andsupport throughout my time at Michigan.Similarly,Thee Kian Wie in Jakarta generouslygave his time,thoughts and encouragement to this project,for which I am very grateful.Thanks are also owed to the many people in Indonesia who helped in various ways withmy research,and also to the many people who shared their experiences with me.Thiswork would not have been completed without generous financial support from theDepartment of History at Michigan,the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at Michigan,the U.S.Department of Education (Fulbright Hays research grant),and the EisenbergInstitute For Historical Studies at Michigan.Finally,I wish to thank my family for theircontinued support and belief as my professional life took a radical turn,and especially toMargaret,Mac and George for the joy they bring. Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii List of Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………viii Chapter One: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 I. Some Photographs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 II. The Big Picture: The Takeover of Foreign Companies and Elimination of Foreign Investment in Indonesia from 1963-1965………………………………………………………………………………………………2 II. Historiography and Sources…………………………………………………………………………………………………1 IV. Approach and Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………………14 Chapter Two:Indonesia From 1950 to the early 1960………………………………………………………………20 I. The Political Setting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 A. Independence,a New Nation, and Parliamentary Democracy,1950-1959………21 1.Independence………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 2.Parliamentary Democracy,1950-57…………………………………………………………………………………26 3.Decline of Parliamentary Democracy,1957-59…………………………………………………………32 B. Guided Democracy to Circa 1962……………………………………………………………………………………………37 1.Structure of Government…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………38 2.Structure of Political Pow

FAQs

What does the dissertation focus on regarding foreign companies in Indonesia in the 1960s?

It centers on the takeover of foreign companies and the elimination of foreign investment, especially during 1963–1965 under Sukarno’s political framework.

How does the document describe the relationship between political change and investment policy?

It links the transition from parliamentary democracy to “Guided Democracy” with shifts in ideology, mass action, government structure, and bureaucracy that influence how foreign investment is handled.

Which historical periods are covered to explain the 1963–1965 takeovers?

The dissertation outlines background from 1950 through the early 1960s, then analyzes the specific investment regime and conditions leading into and around early 1963.

Jul 8, 2026

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