PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE - High School Lesson - Grade 12

Sep 2, 2026

Upload by Aurelia

A Grade 12 introduction to the Philippine political system covering how history shaped today’s politics, including key transitions from independence through dictatorship and the restoration of democracy. It explains local governance under the 1991 Local Government Code, highlighting shared power with LGUs and how leaders address community needs. The lesson outlines the branches of government, key positions and responsibilities, and the multi-party election process overseen by COMELEC, emphasizing citizen participation beyond voting.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPPTX

Pages1

Reading Time3 min

AccessFree to download

What We’ll Cover Today

History of Philippine Politics

Local Governance

Branches of Government

Elections and Political Parties

Key Positions and Responsibilities

Legislative

Executive

Judiciary

Political Dynasties: Help or Harm?

State and Society: A Recap

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE An introduction to the Philippine political system GRADE 12 WHAT WE’LL COVER TODAY History of Philippine Politics How the past shaped the country’s politics Local Governance How local officials solve local problems Branches of Government How each branch of the government does its job Elections and Political Parties How citizens choose leaders Imagine you’re the barangay captain for a day. What’s the first thing you’d do to help your community? Think about the local issues that matter to you. Get ready to share your answer with the class. IF YOU WERE A LEADER... The Philippines has experienced many forms of government, from colonization to dictatorship, and now a republic. Each chapter shaped the country’s political identity today. HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS 1898 Independence from Spain Commonwealth government Start of Martial Law under Marcos EDSA People Power and return to democracy New constitution 1986 1987 1935 1972 BRANCHES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT Legislative Senate makes the law enforces the law interprets the law President Supreme Court Other courts House of Representatives Vice President Cabinet Secretaries Executive Judiciary KEY POSITIONS RESPONSIBILITIES LEGISLATIVE 24 Senators ~306 Representatives (district and party-list) Proposes national laws Approves the national budget EXECUTIVE 1 President 1 Vice President ~20 Cabinet Secretaries Implements programs and policies Appoints officials Leads national defense JUDICIARY 1 Chief Justice 14 Associate Justices Decides on legal cases Reviews laws Protects people’s rights BRANCHES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT Do you think political dynasties are bad for democracy in the Philippines? Pick a side, and think of 1-2 reasons to support your opinion. Then, share your thoughts with your seat mate. POLITICAL DYNASTIES: HELP OR HARM? LOCAL GOVERNANCE Local governments make sure national programs reach people in their communities. Based on the 1991 Local Government Code Power is shared with the local government units (LGUs): barangays, municipalities, cities, and provinces Empowers local leaders to respond to community needs ELECTIONS Every few years, Filipinos vote to choose leaders at both the national and local levels. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) oversees the entire electoral process. President (every 6 years) Vice President (every 6 years) Senators (12 every 3 years; serve 6-year terms) Governors and Vice Governors Mayors and Vice Mayors Councilors Barangay Captains Barangay Council Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) National Local These are groups of people with shared political beliefs, goals, and interests. They work together to influence government and win elections. POLITICAL PARTIES The Philippines has a multi-party system, which means many parties compete. Some form coalitions during elections to boost their chances of winning. While the state creates and enforces laws, it is the people who give power to leaders through active participation. Besides voting, citizens can shape politics by: joining peaceful protests speaking up on relevant issues joining community programs. STATE AND SOCIETY A RECAP From colonial rule to democracy, key moments shaped the Philippine political system. The executive enforces laws, the legislative creates laws, and the judiciary interprets them. LGUs deliver services and programs that matter locally. Voting lets citizens choose their leaders. Parties help organize and influence political decisions. Background of Philippine politics Branches of government Local governance Elections and political parties — Thomas Jefferson The government you elect is the government you deserve. Fonts Design Elements / Icons Colors This presentation template uses the following free fonts: You can find these fonts online too. Bebas Neue Public Sans TITLES: BODY TEXT: #F8F4ED #CA6363 #800000 Use these in your presentation. Delete or hide this page before presenting. Resource Page This presentation template is free for

FAQs

What topics does the Grade 12 lesson cover about Philippine politics and governance?

It covers the history of Philippine politics, local governance, the branches of government, and elections and political parties.

How does local governance work in the Philippines according to the lesson?

Local governments ensure national programs reach communities and share power with LGUs such as barangays, municipalities, cities, and provinces.

Which branches of government are described, and what do they do?

The legislative branch makes laws, the executive enforces laws, and the judiciary interprets laws and protects people’s rights.

Sep 2, 2026

Upload by Aurelia