LIVING WITH DEBT - How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery in the Middle East and North Africa - MENA Economic Update April 2021

Jul 19, 2026

Living with Debt: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery for the Middle East and North Africa presents an economic update for April 2021 from the World Bank’s MENA Region. The report frames the ongoing crisis and links the persistence of debt and macroeconomic stress to consequences of the pandemic. It outlines institutional and policy challenges, highlights macroeconomic, poverty, distributional, and long-term impacts, and structures the analysis around a continuing crisis narrative to support recovery-oriented pathways across MENA economies.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages70

Reading Time2 h 56 min

Overview

CHAPTER I: A Continuing Crisis

I.1 The Ongoing Pandemic in MENA

I.2 Economic Consequences of the Pandemic

Macroeconomic Impact

Poverty, Distributional, and Long-Term Impacts

Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized W ORLD BANK MIDDLE EA ST AND NOR TH AFRICA REGION LIVING WITH DEBT: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery in the Middle East and North Africa MENA ECONOMIC UPDATE APRIL 2021 WORLD BANK MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION MENA ECONOMIC UPDATE APRIL 2021 LIVING WITH DEBT: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery in the Middle East and North Africa 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org) Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Gatti, Roberta; Lederman, Daniel; Nguyen, Ha M. ; Alturki, Sultan Abdulaziz. ; Fan, Rachel Yuting; Islam, Asif M. ; Rojas, Claudio J. 2021.“Living with Debt: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery for the Middle East and North Africa” Middle East and North Africa Economic Update (April), Washington, DC: World Bank. Doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1699-4 . License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bankshall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org). ISBN (e

FAQs

What is the focus of the report “Living with Debt” for MENA?

The report focuses on how institutions can chart a path to recovery in the Middle East and North Africa in the context of persistent debt and the economic aftermath of the pandemic.

How does the document connect the pandemic to economic consequences in MENA?

It links the ongoing pandemic in MENA to economic consequences, including macroeconomic effects and broader distributional and long-term impacts.

Which major topics are covered under the first chapter’s pandemic and consequences sections?

The contents include the ongoing pandemic in MENA, economic consequences of the pandemic, macroeconomic impact, and poverty, distributional, and long-term impacts.

Jul 19, 2026

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