Improving Employee Outcomes in the Remote Working Context: A Time-Lagged Study on Digital-Oriented Training, Work-to-Family Conflict and Empowering Leadership

Apr 19, 2026

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Employing social exchange theory, the study develops a framework linking digital-oriented training to employee outcomes under remote work, examining work-to-family conflict and the moderating role of empowering leadership. Using timelagged data from 259 supervisor–employee dyads in Vietnam, results show digital skills training increases perceived organizational support and reduces work-to-family conflict. High empowering leadership strengthens direct and indirect effects, while reduced conflict improves job satisfaction and job performance.

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Apr 19, 2026