Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles - and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing - Article

Aug 29, 2026

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Research optimizes the biological synthesis process of Clitoria teratea (CLT)-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a sequential strategy based on Central Composite Design, targeting improved formulation efficiency. Key independent variables include NaOH concentration, RH concentration, and temperature, evaluated through UV-visible absorbance, particle size, zeta potential, and PDI. CLT-AgNPs gel is tested in vitro and ex vivo using dialysis and egg membrane models, and antimicrobial performance is assessed against bacterial strains. Optimized particles reach 114 nm size with PDI 0.45 and zeta potential −29.5 mV, supporting enhanced wound healing.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages12

Reading Time30 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Introduction

Background on wound types and healing phases

Role of silver and AgNPs in wound management

Synthesis approaches and clinical context

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy ISSN: 0363-9045 (Print) 1520-5762 (Online) Journal [homepage: ](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/iddi20)[www.tandfonline.com/journals/iddi20](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/iddi20) Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing Richa Jain, Ruchi Singh, Reena Badhwar, Tinku Gupta & Harvinder Popli To cite this article: Richa Jain, Ruchi Singh, Reena Badhwar, Tinku Gupta & Harvinder Popli (2024) Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 50:3, 181-191, DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043 To link to this article: [https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043](https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043) Published online: 19 Feb 2024. | Submit your article to this journal | | | --- | --- | | | Article views: 260 | | | View related articles | | View Crossmark data | | | Citing articles: 11 View citing articles | | Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iddi20](https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iddi20) DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY 2024, VOL. 50, NO. 3, 181–191 [https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043](https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2024.2308043) Development and optimization of Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nanogel systems for wound healing Richa Jaina, Ruchi Singha, Reena Badhwara, b, Tinku Guptac and Harvinder Poplia aDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, New Delhi, India; bDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tercentenary University, Gurugram, India; cDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT Objective: The present research deals with sequential optimization strategy based on Central Composite Design to optimize the process variables for efficient production of Clitoria teratea (CLT) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological synthesis. Methods: Two substantial factors influencing the dependent variables viz UV-visible absorbance, particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) were identified as NaOH concentration, RH concentration, temperature as independent variables. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies of prepared CLT-AgNPs gel and marketed gel were carried out using dialysis membrane and egg membrane, respectively. In addition, antimicrobial study was also performed on the bacterial strains. Results: The particles size (114 nm), PDI (0.45), and zeta potential (−29.5 mV) of optimized formulation were found, respectively. In-vitro profile of AgNPs from prepared CLT-AgNPs gel was noted (95.6%) in 8 h. It was found that the prepared CLT-AgNPs gel stimulates fibroblast and agranulocytosis development resulting better and timely wound healing. Conclusions: The prepared CLT-AgNPs gel can be as a potential substitute in the management and treatment of acute and chronic wounds. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Received 8 December 2023 Revised 9 January 2024 Accepted 16 January 2024 KEYWORDS Silver nanoparticles; Clitoria teratea; egg membrane; HET-CAM assay; chromacassay Introduction The biggest organ in the body (the skin; 1.7 m2) is essential for sensory functioning, homeostasis, temperature regulation, and defense against viruses, poisons, and injuries [1] . According to Paladini and Pollini [2], the creation of a wound is determined by the destruction of skin, which can be the result of an accident ora deliberate act. Surgical wounds and burns are under the category of acute wounds, whereas leg, diabetic foot (DFU), and pressure ulcers f

FAQs

What is the main objective of the study?

To optimize the process for efficiently producing Clitoria teratea synthesized silver nanoparticles using biological synthesis and evaluate their use in nanogel systems for wound healing.

Which process variables were optimized in the nanoparticle synthesis?

NaOH concentration, RH concentration, and temperature were used as independent variables, while UV-visible absorbance, particle size, zeta potential, and PDI were monitored.

How were the wound-healing and antimicrobial effects evaluated?

The prepared CLT-AgNPs gel was assessed in vitro and ex vivo using dialysis membrane and egg membrane models, and antimicrobial testing was performed on bacterial strains.

Aug 29, 2026

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