Considerations on the impacts of family income and maternal education on Mathematics performance in the ENEM 2022

Sep 5, 2026

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The study analyzes how family income and maternal education relate to student performance in Mathematics on ENEM 2022. Using the ENEM 2022 database, it selects key variables including administrative dependence, family income, and maternal schooling, then applies descriptive analyses and interprets results in the context of Brazilian society. Findings indicate that higher family income and greater maternal education are associated with higher scores. Students whose mothers have only primary education tend to score below 600, while those with higher education or postgraduate levels often exceed this threshold.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Study focus: Mathematics performance in ENEM 2022

Variables: family income and maternal education

Considerations on the impacts of family income and maternal education on Mathematics performance in the ENEM 2022 Considerações acerca dos impactos da renda familiar e da escolaridade materna no desempenho em Matemática no ENEM 2022 Consideraciones sobre el impacto del ingreso familiar y la educación materna en el desempeño en Matemáticas en elENEM 2022 Letícia Bárbara Almeida Campos 1 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Caroline Ponce de Moraes2 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodrigo Tosta Peres3 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Abstract: This study is based on the assessment of students’ performance in Mathematics on the ENEM exam of 2022. Methodologically, the study will consist of the ENEM 2022 database; the selection of the variables used—administrative dependence, family income, and maternal education; and descriptive analyses, discussions, and interpretations ofthe results in relation to Brazilian society. It is observed that as family income and maternal education level increase, there is a tendency for scores to improve. In other words, the study highlighted that average scores are significantly higher among students whose mothers have a higher education degree, especially when combined with a high family income. For example, students whose mothers have only primary education tend to achieve average scores below 600 points, while those whose mothers have a higher education or postgraduate degree often surpass this threshold. These results confirm the hypothesis that these variables are significant for student performance, highlighting the influence of the family context on the educational process. Keywords: Education; Socioeconomic factors; Mathematics Performance; ENEM. Resumo: Este estudo baseia-se na avaliação da proficiência em Matemática dos alunos que realizaram a prova do ENEM no ano de 2022. Metodologicamente, o estudo será constituídopela base de dados do ENEM 2022; pela seleção das variáveis utilizadas: dependênciaadministrativa, renda familiar e escolaridade materna; por análises descritivas, discussões einterpretações dos resultados, frente à sociedade brasileira. Observa-se que, à medida que seaumentam a renda familiar e o grau de escolaridade materna, há uma tendência de melhora nas notas. Ou seja, estudo destacou que as médias das notas são significativamente maiores entre os alunos cujas mães possuem maior nível de escolaridade, especialmente quando apresentam uma renda familiar elevada. Por exemplo, alunos com mães que possuem apenas o 1 Undergraduate student, PIBIC scholarship holder. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. E-mail: [leticia.barbara@cefet-rj.br](leticia.barbara@cefet-rj.br); Lattes: [http://lattes.cnpq.br/7371664597924480](http://lattes.cnpq.br/7371664597924480); ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2316-8274](https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2316-8274) . 2 PhD. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. E-mail: [caroline.moraes@cefet-rj.br](caroline.moraes@cefet-rj.br); Lattes: [http://lattes.cnpq.br/7070181803704413](http://lattes.cnpq.br/7070181803704413); ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-7467](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-7467) . 3 PhD. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. E-mail: [rodrigo.peres@cefet-rj.br](rodrigo.peres@cefet-rj.br); Lattes: [http://lattes.cnpq.br/2721014120770033](http://lattes.cnpq.br/2721014120770033); ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-8265](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-8265) . ensino fundamental tendem a apresentar notas médias inferiores a 600 pontos, enquantoaqueles cujas mães têm nível superior ou pós-graduação, frequentemente, superam essa marca. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de

FAQs

Which variables does the study use to explain Mathematics performance in ENEM 2022?

The study uses administrative dependence, family income, and maternal education as the main variables for analysis.

What relationship is observed between family income, maternal education, and ENEM Mathematics scores?

As family income and maternal education increase, there is a tendency for scores to improve.

How do scores differ for students whose mothers have only primary education versus higher education?

Students whose mothers have only primary education tend to score below 600 points, while students whose mothers have higher education or postgraduate degrees often surpass this threshold.

Sep 5, 2026

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