Work Breakdown Structure-Based Cost Model for Biological Drinking Water Treatment - EPA Office of Water Report

Sep 12, 2026

Work Breakdown Structure-Based Cost Model for Biological Drinking Water Treatment provides a structured methodology for estimating biological drinking water treatment costs using a work breakdown structure (WBS). The report explains the WBS model overview, including model structure, the WBS approach, and how input and output sheets are organized and used. It details general cost assumptions such as building, residuals management, indirect capital, add-on, and annual O&M costs. It also defines components for biological treatment, bioreactor constraints, chemicals, biomass control, and system elements, with appendices covering valves, instrumentation, and construction cost assumptions.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryPresentations

FormatPDF

Pages118

Reading Time41 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Background

Objectives

Organization of the Report

List of Abbreviations and Symbols in this Chapter

References

WBS Model Overview

Model Structure

The WBS Approach

Model Use

General Cost Assumptions

Building Costs

Residuals Management Costs

Indirect Capital Costs

Add-on Costs

Annual O&M Costs

Total Annualized Cost

Updating and Adjusting Costs

List of Abbreviations and Symbols in this Chapter

References

Biological Treatment Model

Overview of the Biological Treatment Process

Input Sheet

Model Assumptions Sheets

Bioreactor Constraints Sheet

Chemicals Sheet

Biomass Control Sheet

Post-Treatment Sheet

Pumps, Pipe and Structure Sheet

Instrumentation and Control Sheet

Residuals Management Sheet

O&M and HVAC Sheets

Indirect Sheet

Output Sheet

Ancillary Model Components

List of Abbreviations and Symbols in this Chapter

References

Appendix A. Valves, Instrumentation and System Controls

Appendix B. Building Construction Costs

United States Environmental Protection Agency Work Breakdown Structure-Based Cost Model for Biological Drinking Water Treatment Office of Water (4607M) EPA *** - * - ***** Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Organization of the Report ............................................................................................... 2 1.4 List of Abbreviations and Symbols in this Chapter ......................................................... 2 1.5 References ........................................................................................................................ 2 2. WBS Model Overview .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Model Structure ................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 The WBS Approach ......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Model Use ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Input Sheet Structure and Use................................................................................. 10 2.3.2 Common Inputs....................................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Input Sheet Examples ............................................................................................. 16 2.3.4 Output Sheet Structure and Use .............................................................................. 18 2.3.5 Critical Design Assumptions Sheet Structure and Use ........................................... 18 2.3.6 Index Sheet Structure and Use ................................................................................ 21 2.4 General Cost Assumptions ............................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Building Costs......................................................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Residuals Management Costs ................................................................................. 24 2.4.3 Indirect Capital Costs.............................................................................................. 25 2.4.4 Add-on Costs .......................................................................................................... 26 2.4.5 Annual O&M Costs ................................................................................................ 27 2.4.6 Total Annualized Cost ............................................................................................ 28 2.4.7 Updating and Adjusting Costs ................................................................................ 28 2.5 List of Abbreviations and Symbols in this Chapter ....................................................... 29 2.6 References ...................................................................................................................... 29 3. Biological Treatment Model................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Overview of the Biological Treatment Process.............................................................. 31 3.2 Input Sheet...................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Model Assumptions Sheets ..................................

FAQs

What is the purpose of the WBS-based cost model in the report?

The model provides a structured way to estimate costs for biological drinking water treatment using a work breakdown structure approach, organizing inputs and outputs through dedicated sheets.

How are inputs and outputs handled in the model?

The report describes the input sheet structure and use, along with common inputs, and outlines how the output sheet structure and use generate cost results.

Which cost categories are covered under general cost assumptions?

General assumptions include building costs, residuals management costs, indirect capital costs, add-on costs, annual O&M costs, and methods for calculating and updating total annualized cost.

Sep 12, 2026

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