Government and sector-level tertiary e-learning initiatives - An annotated bibliography

Sep 1, 2026

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An annotated bibliography examining government and sector-level initiatives for e-learning in tertiary education. The work contextualizes the purpose, categories, and planned series, then synthesizes findings from the literature through structured methodology. It surveys developments across New Zealand and other jurisdictions, including OER and MOOCs, and highlights strengths and limitations identified in prior studies. It concludes with bibliographic sources and a focused review of New Zealand initiatives, programs, and policy frameworks relevant to virtual learning environments.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryPresentations

FormatDOCX

Pages206

Reading Time1 h 12 min

AccessFree to download

Executive summary

Introduction

Background

Purpose

Categories

Planned series

Methodology

Findings from the literature

New Zealand

Australia

Canada

United Kingdom

United States

Open Educational Resources (OER)

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Some observations on the literature

Strengths

Limitations

Bibliography

New Zealand government and sector-level tertiary e-learning initiatives

Government and sector-level tertiary e-learning initiatives An annotated bibliography Author Peter Guiney Email: peter.guiney@minedu.govt.nz Telephone: 04-463-7557 Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges comments provided by Ako Aotearoa (the National Centre for Tertiary Teaching Excellence), the Tertiary e-Learning Reference Group, the Tertiary Education Commission, Mark Nichols, Roger Smyth, and Alison Lipski. All views expressed in this paper, and any remaining errors or omissions, remain the responsibility of the author. Published by Tertiary Sector Performance Analysis Tertiary, International and System Performance MINISTRY OF EDUCATION © Crown Copyright This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence. You are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to the copyright holder and abide by the other licence terms. To view a copy of this licence, visit www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/. This report is available from the Ministry of Education’s Education Counts website: HYPERLINK "http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/" www.educationcounts.govt.nz. June 2014 ISBN 978-0-478-43905-2 (web) Table of contents TOC \o "1-2" \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398600" 1 Executive summary PAGEREF _Toc387398600 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398601" 2 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc387398601 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398602" Background PAGEREF _Toc387398602 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398603" Purpose PAGEREF _Toc387398603 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398604" Categories PAGEREF _Toc387398604 \h 13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398605" Planned series PAGEREF _Toc387398605 \h 14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398606" 3 Methodology PAGEREF _Toc387398606 \h 14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398607" 4 Findings from the literature PAGEREF _Toc387398607 \h 15 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398608" New Zealand PAGEREF _Toc387398608 \h 15 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398609" Australia PAGEREF _Toc387398609 \h 16 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398610" Canada PAGEREF _Toc387398610 \h 17 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398611" United Kingdom PAGEREF _Toc387398611 \h 18 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398612" United States PAGEREF _Toc387398612 \h 20 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398613" Open Educational Resources (OER) PAGEREF _Toc387398613 \h 22 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398614" Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) PAGEREF _Toc387398614 \h 24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398615" 5 Some observations on the literature PAGEREF _Toc387398615 \h 27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398616" Strengths PAGEREF _Toc387398616 \h 27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398617" Limitations PAGEREF _Toc387398617 \h 27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398618" 6 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc387398618 \h 27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398619" 7 New Zealand government and sector-level tertiary e-learning initiatives PAGEREF _Toc387398619 \h 45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398620" New Zealand: Is online education a highway to the future? PAGEREF _Toc387398620 \h 45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398621" Global picture, local lessons: E-learning policy and accessibility final report PAGEREF _Toc387398621 \h 45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398622" Reviewing the virtual campus phenomenon: The rise of large-scale e-learning initiatives worldwide PAGEREF _Toc387398622 \h 48 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398623" The e-CDF projects PAGEREF _Toc387398623 \h 49 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398624" An historical overview of flexible learning in New Zealand from 1990 to the present PAGEREF _Toc387398624 \h 50 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398625" E-learning in tertiary education: Where do we stand? PAGEREF _Toc387398625 \h 50 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398626" E-learning activities in Aotearoa/New Zealand Industry Training Organisations: Final report PAGEREF _Toc387398626 \h 51 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc387398627" Interoperability and learning objects: An overview of e-learning standardizatio

FAQs

What is the purpose of this annotated bibliography on tertiary e-learning initiatives?

It compiles and structures literature findings to inform understanding of government and sector-level e-learning initiatives in tertiary education, including their categories and planned series.

Which topics and models does the literature review cover?

The review includes major e-learning approaches and resources such as Open Educational Resources (OER) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), alongside broader virtual learning developments.

How does the document assess the quality of the literature?

It presents observations on the literature, explicitly outlining strengths and limitations identified across reviewed sources.

Sep 1, 2026

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