Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research - Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT-8 2020)

Sep 22, 2026

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Argumentative essay writing examines how students build persuasive positions using structured reasoning. This study investigates students’ argumentative essays by applying the Toulmin model, where arguments are analyzed through components such as claim, data, counterargument, and rebuttal. Data were collected from fifth-semester English Education students. Results show claim and data are the most frequently provided parts, with essays typically supporting claims using multiple evidence points. Quality of argumentation decreases below level 2 when rebuttals are absent.

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1. INTRODUCTION

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 579 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT-8 2020) An Analysis of Argument of Students’Argumentative Essay by Using Toulmin Model Rizqiyyah Nadliroh Siregar 1*, Hermawati Syarif2 , and Zul Amri3 123English Department, FBS Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [nadirarizqina04@gmail.com](nadirarizqina04@gmail.com) ABSTRACT Argumentative essay is one kind of essay in which the writer attempts to encourage the readers to agree with his/her opinion explained in the text. This research aims to investigate the argument written by students in writing argumentative essay by using Toulmin model. Based on this model each argument is made up of four components, including claim, data, counterargument, and rebuttal. The data were taken from the argumentative essay written by the fifth semester students in undergraduate program of English Education Department at UMTS Padangsidimpuan. Based on the result of the research, it was revealed that the most common parts of argument that often provided by students in their argumentative essay were claim and data. Average students’ argumentative essay contained at least a claim that was backed by three points of evidence. The result of the data also showed that the quality of argumentation written by students dropped below under level 2 in which students composed the arguments containing a claim and data, but did not provide any rebuttals in their argumentative essay. Keywords: Argument, argumentation, argumentative essay, Toulmin model 1. INTRODUCTION Writing is a way to communicate with others without seeing the interlocutor, look at the gesture or facial expression. However, it could also be very important for communication. The skill of writing is needed in many contexts into every part of life, such as when someone wants to write an email, to narrate a memorable moment that happened in dairy, and even, for students that are expected to write essay during their writing class [1]. Thus for students, writing becomes oneof the tool of communication in which they construct the text to share their feelings and ideas by giving arguments to convince the readers. Students are supposed to respond to what they have read and to reflect about it in writing. Moreover, in offering the arguments in organized text, they will be demanded to evaluate the reading, giving a valuable claim, approve it with appropriate reasons [2] . Argumentative essay is one of the genre of essays that commonly used by students [3] . Students need to give argument related to the issue that will be written about. They establish a position on a given or chosen topic and then use evidence to persuade the audience to see things from their point of view. In writing good argumentative essay, students are expected to have skill in argumentation [4] . Argumentation is the process of making statements and providing arguments for justifying opinions in order to affect others [5] . Students tend to point out which opinions are stronger than those by offering claims, and then test those viewpoints in seeing how good they actually are [6] . Therefore, it has been proposed that in writing argumentative essay, the writer should stand strong, predict the audience’s stance, defend his/her own view, recognize the alternative opinions, and if possible, refute the contradictory positions [7] . It has been justified by many researchers that writing argumentative essay becomes the most difficult type of essay writing. The factors for challenges faced during the writing argumentative essay include the development of cognitive taxing arguments, and students may not have a structured argument scheme [8] . In the same line, many students struggle with the process of argument in which they either do not realize that they are supposed to build an argument in their essay or have

FAQs

What is the purpose of this research on argumentative essays?

The research aims to investigate the arguments written by students in argumentative essays using the Toulmin model.

Which components of arguments are emphasized in the Toulmin model for this study?

The study analyzes arguments using claim, data, counterargument, and rebuttal as components.

What did the results indicate about students’ argument structure?

Students most often provided claim and data, and argument quality dropped below level 2 when rebuttals were not included.

Sep 22, 2026

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