Xuebijing injection mitigates instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction and enhances intrahepatic islet transplantation via target NF-kB pathway

Sep 29, 2026

Uploaded by Damian

Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) blocks successful intrahepatic islet transplantation by triggering rapid innate immune and coagulation-driven inflammation. Xuebijing (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, was evaluated for its ability to suppress IBMIR and improve islet survival. Xenogeneic and syngeneic transplantation models assessed early and long-term outcomes, while in vitro experiments tested direct protection of islets under inflammatory stimulation. XBJ reduced leukocyte infiltration and islet damage in vivo, preserved viability and function in vitro, and improved transplantation outcomes in syngeneic settings through dual mechanisms targeting IBMIR via NF-kB pathway.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages16

Reading Time40 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Keywords

Xuebijing injection and IBMIR context

TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 23 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1671966 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Maria Coronel, University of Michigan, United States REVIEWED BY Naoaki Sakata, Fukuoka University, Japan Qand Agha Nazari, Kabul University Pharmacy Faculty, Afghanistan *CORRESPONDENCE Zhuzeng Yin [yinzhuzeng@163.com](yinzhuzeng@163.com)[ ](yinzhuzeng@163.com)Shusen Wang [shusen@vip.163.com](shusen@vip.163.com) RECEIVED 23 July 2025 REVISED 12 November 2025 ACCEPTED 27 November 2025 PUBLISHED 23 December 2025 CITATION Zhan Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liang R, Yang J, Liu T, Hu X, You T, Liu N, Chen Y, Liu Q, Jiang T, Liu Z, Cai X, Yang R, Qi Y, Sun P, Zou J, Ding X, Yin Z and Wang S (2025) Xuebijing injection mitigates instant blood−mediated inﬂammatory reaction and enhances intrahepatic islet transplantation via target NF−kB pathway. Front. Immunol. 16:1671966 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1671966 COPYRIGHT © 2025 Zhan, Wang, Zhang, Zhang, Liang, Yang, Liu, Hu, You, Liu, Chen, Liu, Jiang, Liu, Cai, Yang, Qi, Sun, Zou, Ding, Yin and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Xuebijing injection mitigates instant blood−mediated inﬂammatory reaction and enhances intrahepatic islet transplantation via target NF−kB pathway Yixiang Zhan 1, Yingbo Wang 2, Boya Zhang 1, Yijun Zhang 2, Rui Liang 1, Jiuxia Yang1, Tengli Liu 1, Xiaoyan Hu 1, Tianyi You 1, Na Liu 1, Yuqi Chen 2, Qing Liu 2, Tingsheng Jiang 2, Zhaoce Liu 1, Xiangheng Cai 1, Runnan Yang2, Yingyi Qi 2, Peng Sun 1, Jiaqi Zou 1, Xuejie Ding 1, Zhuzeng Yin 3* and Shusen Wang 1* 1 Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Organ Transplant Center, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, 2The First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 3 Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China Introduction: Instant blood-mediated inﬂammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a major obstacle in clinical islet transplantation, leading to islet apoptosis and dysfunction due to inﬂammatory reaction. Xuebijing (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used in the treatment of systemic inﬂammatory conditions and achieved remarkable effect. Giving these properties, XBJ holds promise in improving the outcomes of intrahepatic islet transplantation through inhibiting IBMIR. Methods: The xenogeneic islet transplantation model was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of XBJ on IBMIR, while the syngeneic transplantation model was used to conﬁrm that XBJ improves the long-term outcomes of intrahepatic islet transplantation through IBMIR suppression. In addition, studies were conducted under inﬂammatory conditions to demonstrate the protective effects of XBJ on islets in vitro, speciﬁcally its ability to preserve islet viability and function in an inﬂammatory environment. Results: In vivo IBMIR model, XBJ signiﬁcantly inhibited leukocyte inﬁltration, leading to reduced islet damage. In vitro, XBJ provided direct protection to islets in inﬂammatory stimulation, preventing apoptosis and preserving islet function. These protective effects were further demonstrated in the syngeneic islet Frontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org) transplantation model, where XBJ markedly improved the outcomes of intrahepatic islet transplantation. Discussion: This study provid

FAQs

What problem does IBMIR cause in intrahepatic islet transplantation?

IBMIR is a severe immune response occurring immediately after transplantation. It leads to rapid islet cell loss via apoptosis and necrosis, compromising graft function and long-term success.

How was Xuebijing (XBJ) evaluated in this study?

The study used xenogeneic and syngeneic islet transplantation models to test XBJ’s effects on IBMIR and long-term outcomes, plus in vitro experiments to examine islet protection under inflammatory stimulation.

What were the key findings of XBJ treatment?

XBJ significantly inhibited leukocyte infiltration in vivo, reducing islet damage. In vitro, it directly protected islets by preventing apoptosis and preserving function, and it improved intrahepatic islet transplantation outcomes in syngeneic models.

Sep 29, 2026

Uploaded by Damian