XI Economics Part B - Chapter-6 - Diagrammatic Presentation of Data - Bar Diagram & Pie Diagram

Oct 26, 2026

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The chapter explains how data can be presented in a simple and attractive visual form using diagrams. It classifies diagrammatic presentation into geometric diagrams, frequency diagrams, and arithmetic line graphs or time series graphs. It then focuses on bars diagrams, describing simple, multiple, sub-divided, and percentage bar diagrams with examples and illustrated chart layouts. It also introduces pie (circular) diagrams, including construction steps and the conversion of category counts into percentages and angles.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Chapter-6 Diagrammatic Presentation of Data

Bars Diagrams

Pie or Circular Diagram

(XI Economics Part B) (text book page 99 to 110) Chapter-6 Diagrammatic Presentation of Data (Bar Diagram & Pie Diagram) Sir. VL Felfamkima (Felby-a) M.Com (SLET), M.Phil, B.Ed Lecturer, Deptt. of Economics Diagrammatic Presentation of Data Data may be presented in a simple manner and attractive manner in the form of diagrams. Diagrammatic presentation is broadly classified as of three types:- 1) Geometric form including bar diagrams and pie diagrams, 2) Frequency diagrams including histograms, polygon and ogive, and 3) Arithmetic Line-Graphs or Time Series Graphs. 1. Bars Diagrams Bar diagrams are those diagrams in which data are presented in the form of bars or rectangles. Types of Bar Diagrams: 1) Simple bar Diagrams: Simple bar diagrams are those diagrams which are based on a single set of numerical data 1) Simple bar Diagrams: Illustration 1. From the following data of birth rate, present simple bar diagram (vertical bar diagram) . | Year | 1951-60 | 1961-70 | 1971-80 | 1981-90 | 1991-2000 | 2000-2010 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Birth Rate | 45 | 35 | 30 | 28 | 24 | 20 | Birth rate 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 | 45 | | --- | | | | 35 | | 30
28 | | 24 | | 20 | | | | | | | | | 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1991-2000 2001-2010 Birth rate Simple Bar Diagram (Horizontal Bar Diagram) | Year | 1951-60 | 1961-70 | 1971-80 | 1981-90 | 1991-2000 | 2000-2010 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Birth Rate | 45 | 35 | 30 | 28 | 24 | 20 | Birth Rate 2001-10 91-2000 81-90 71-80 61-70 1951-60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Birth Rate 2) Multiple Bar Diagram: Diagrams which shows two or more set of data. Illustration 3: From the following data, present multiple bar diagram | Year | 1921-30 | 1931-40 | 1941-50 | 1951-60 | 1961-70 | 1971-80 | 1981-90 | 2011-12 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Birth Rate | 46 | 45 | 40 | 42 | 41 | 37 | 32.5 | 22.5 | | Death Rate | 36 | 31 | 27 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 11.5 | 7.3 | Chart Title 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 | 46 45 | | | | --- | --- | --- | | 40 | 42 | 41 | | 36 | | 37 | | 31 | | 32.5 | | 27 | 23 | | | | | 22.5
19 | | 15 | | | | 11.5 | | | | 7.3 | | | | | | | 1921-30 1931-40 1941-50 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 2011-12 Birth rate Death rate 3) Sub-divided Bar Diagram: Those diagrams which shows total values as well as part values of a set of data. Illustration 4: From the following data, present sub-divided bar diagram. | Year | Hydro-Electricity | Thermal Electricity | Total Production | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2007-08 | 46 | 64 | 110 | | 2008-09 | 49 | 72 | 121 | | 2009-2010 | 48 | 82 | 130 | | 2010-2011 | 51 | 89 | 140 | Chart Title 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Hydro-Electricity Thermal Electricity | | | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 72 64 89 82 46 49 48 51 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 4) Percentage Bar Diagram: It shows different set of data in terms of percentage (%) Illustration 5: From the following data, Present percentage bar diagram. | Sector | Year 2007-08 | Year 2008-09 | | --- | --- | --- | | Primary | 6,65,751 | ,671,674 | | Secondary | 8,23,220 | 8,46,805 | | Tertiary | 21,58,070 | 21,70,512 | | Total | 36,47,041 | 36,88,991 | Percentage | Sector | Year 2007-08 | Cumu. % | Year 2008-09 | Cumu. % | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Primary | 18.3 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 18.2 | | Secondary | 22.6 | 40.9 | 23.0 | 41.2 | | Tertiary | 59.1 | 100 | 58.8 | 100 | | Total | 100 | - | 100 | - | Percentage Bar Diagram | Chart Title | | | --- | --- | | 120
100
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0 | 59.1 58.8
22.6
23
18.3
18.2
| | 2007-08 2008-09
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FAQs

What are the three broad classifications of diagrammatic presentation of data?

They are geometric forms, frequency diagrams, and arithmetic line-graphs or time series graphs.

How is a simple bar diagram defined?

A simple bar diagram is based on a single set of numerical data and displays values using bars or rectangles.

What is involved in constructing a pie diagram?

Counts are converted into percentages of the total, then 360° is divided in the same proportions to determine the sector angles for each category.

Oct 26, 2026

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