Who Influences Employees’ Dark Side: A Multi-Foci Meta-Analysis of Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors

Jun 7, 2026

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A theory-driven quantitative review examines employee counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWBs) using a multi-foci perspective. The analysis synthesizes relationships between CWBs and antecedents from four sources: supervisors, the organization, coworkers, and private life. Grounded in Conservation of Resources Theory, the study applies the primacy of loss principle to contrast unfavorable versus favorable correlates. Meta-analysis of 181 field studies with 223 independent samples finds unfavorable antecedents relate more strongly to CWBs than favorable antecedents, with supervisor- and organization-related factors showing the strongest links.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages47

Reading Time1 h 58 min

Abstract

Research focus and multi-foci framework

Theory and hypotheses based on Conservation of Resources Theory

Meta-analytic method and sample characteristics

Key findings and implications

FAQs

What do the results show about unfavorable versus favorable antecedents?

Unfavorable antecedents correlate more strongly with CWBs than favorable antecedents. Supervisor- and organization-related antecedents also show stronger relationships with CWBs than the two other groups.

Jun 7, 2026

Upload by Ezra