Web Accessibility Challenges for Disabled and Generation of Alt Text for Images in Websites using Artificial Intelligence

Sep 21, 2026

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There are millions of visually impaired people worldwide, and their numbers are rising, making accessible internet essential for education and online commerce. This paper examines challenges in accessing Indian universities’ websites for visually impaired users and analyzes how key barriers affect information retrieval. It further presents solutions by generating alternate image text (alt text) automatically using artificial intelligence techniques, supporting improved compliance with accessibility expectations.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryTechnology

FormatPDF

Pages5

Reading Time13 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Literature Review

Accessibility Guidelines

Web accessibility Evaluation

Related Work

2022 3rd International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT) ©2022 IEEE DOI: 10.1109/ICICT55121.2022.10064545| 978-1-6654-8268-4/22/$31.00 | Web Accessibility Challenges for Disabled and Generation of Alt Text for Images in Websites using Artificial Intelligence Tejal Tiwary Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science & Technology Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India [tejal.tiway@gmail.com](tejal.tiway@gmail.com) Ranjendra Prasad Mahapatra Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science & Technology Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India [mahapatra.rp@gmail.com](mahapatra.rp@gmail.com) Abstract—There are millions of visually impaired persons worldwide, and their numbers are continually increasing due to the ageing of the baby-boomer generation. The Internet may be extremely beneficial to blind individuals because it allows them to achieve things that they would otherwise be unable to complete without the assistance of others (such as reading mail or managing bank accounts). Education services and online shopping is also increasing day by day in the world of internet. So it is important that education websites, online shopping websites should be accessible to all regardless of their disabilities. This study describes challenges in accessibility of Indian Universities website especially for Visually Impaired. It also discusses its solutions by generating alternate text for images in websites through Artificial Intelligence techniques Keywords—Artificial Intelligence, Web Accessibility, Person with Disability, WCAG, Alternative Texts, University website, Testing tool, Algorithms, optimization techniques, Deep Belief Network. I. INTRODUCTION According to digital data report 47% of total population of India, at the start of 2022, is using Internet [1] . As per 2011 Census, the total population of India is 1.23 billion, in which about 2.1 per cent (over 21 million people) suffer from one or the other kind of disability. Educational and online shopping websites are also increasing. But these websites are not fully accessible to all specially to Persons with Disability (PwD) . According to the World Health Organization, disability cover[s] impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in functioning of any body part or structure; an activity limitation is that a person finds difficulty in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is ifa person is notable to get involve in life situations. RPwD Act 2016[2] of India defines ‘accessible’ as meaning that a person with a disability gets the opportunity to acquire the same information, engage in the same interactions, and enjoy the same services as a person without a disability in an equally effective and equally integrated manner, with substantially equivalent ease of use. So it is very essential that all the websites specially educational websites and online shopping websites are accessible to PwD. This study identifies the challenges in accessing websites specially websites of Indian Universities, as websites are means of connecting students, teachers, university council and administrative staff. This study also defines solution of one of the major barriers of accessibility that is of accessing images in a website. It talks about generating automatic alternate text of images using Artificial Intelligence. II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Accessibility Guidelines Traces of origin of web accessibility can be found from mid twentieth-century. In 1990 U.S. Congress approved Americans Disabilities Act (ADA) for protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities [3] . The World Wide Web consortium (W3C) created various Accessibility Guidelines [4]: 􀁸 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): Website content means information in a website page or web application, including: 􀂾 information such as text, sounds and

FAQs

Why is web accessibility especially important for visually impaired users in this study?

The paper highlights that education and online shopping are expanding online, but many websites remain inaccessible for persons with disabilities. For visually impaired users, missing accessibility support limits core activities such as accessing information.

What accessibility standards and guidelines does the literature review discuss?

The literature review covers WCAG, ATAG, and UAAG, explaining how website content, authoring tools, and user agents should be made accessible so people with disabilities can interact with web resources effectively.

How does the proposed solution address image accessibility on websites?

The study focuses on generating automatic alternate text for images using artificial intelligence techniques. By providing alt text, it aims to reduce one of the major barriers: the absence of descriptive text for images.

Sep 21, 2026

Upload by Logic