video-production-glossary - Digital and Broadcast News Production Terminology - 1080i, 1080p, 16:9, 3D, 4:2:2, 5.1 Audio

Sep 29, 2026

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A broadcast-focused video production glossary defining widely used terminology for digital and broadcast news production. It explains technical video formats and standards such as 1080i/1080p, 720p, and aspect ratios like 16:9 and 4:3, alongside compression sampling schemes including 4:4:4 and 4:2:2. The glossary also covers production and editing concepts (A-roll/B-roll, 3-point editing, lighting setups), audio workflows (5.1 audio, AGC, audio mixer), and common hardware terms like BNC connectors and CCD image sensors.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryTechnology

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

AccessFree to download

Video Production Terminology

Video Formats and Aspect Ratios

Audio Systems and Processing

Editing Techniques and Media Workflows

Lighting and Camera/Connector Equipment

TELE 5560: Digital and Broadcast News Production Video Production Terminology 1080i: A high-definition video format that has 1080 lines of vertical resolution and uses interlaced scanning. 1080p: A high-definition video format that has 1080 lines of vertical resolution and uses progressive scanning. 16:9: A widescreen aspect ratio that is 16 units wide by 9 units high. The aspect ratio of highdefinition television (HDTV) . 3D: Three-dimensional, or having appearance the appearance of three-dimensional depth. 3D images can refer to stereoscopic images (one image for each eye) or computer-generated images based on three-dimensional modeling. 4:1:1: A video compression ratio in which the chroma (color) is sampled at one quarter the rate of luminance (brightness) . 4:2:2: A video compression ratio in which the chroma is sampled at one half the rate of luminance. 4:4:4: A video compression ratio in which the chroma is sampled at the same rate as luminance. 4:3: The traditional television aspect ratio, 4 units wide and 3 units high. This aspect ratio is being replaced by 16x9 . 4:3 Safe: A method of shooting widescreen footage while still retaining a "safe area" that can be cropped and used for 4x3 aspect ratio. 5.1 Audio: A surround sound system that provides five separate audio signals: Left, middle, right, rear left, rear right. An additional low frequency (LFE) channel is also provided. 720p: A high-definition video format that has 720 lines of vertical resolution and uses progressive scanning. 3-point editing: an editing technique that uses a three“in”and“out” points (or marks) to determine how much source material will be edited into a specific location in a sequence. 3-point lighting: a common lighting technique that requires three instruments – a key light, a fill light, and a back light. The lights are arranged around the subject in triangular fashion produce portrait-type lighting. A-roll: videotape that contains primary action footage and/or interviews. Used in A/B roll editing. A/B Roll: The use of alternating scenes, recorded on separate videotape reels (an A roll and a B roll), to perform dissolves, wipes or other types of video transitions. AGC (automatic gain control): Electronic circuitry that compensates for either audio or video input level changes by boosting or lowering incoming signals to match a preset level. Using AGC, changing input levels can output at a single constant setting. ambient sound: A representative sample of background audio (such as a refrigerator hum or crowd murmur) particular to a shooting location. Ambient sound is gathered in the course of a production to aid the sound editor in making cuts or filling in spaces between dialogue. Also called room tone or natural sound. analog: A continuously varying electronic signal. Audio and video analog signals stored on tape deteriorate with each copy or generation. analog recording: The common form of magnetic recording where the recorded waveform signal maintains the shape of the original waveform signal. A-only edit: Audio-only edit, sometimes called a“radio” edit. aspect ratio: A measure of screen size as articulated by the ratio of width to height. HDTV is 16:9 . Standard definition TV is 4:3 . audio mixer: A component that combines more than one sound input for composite output. B-roll: Video that consists of cutaways and other shots (usually with natural sound) that illustrate a story. If a reporter is talking about horseback riding in a news package, then the b-roll would be the shots of people riding horses. barn doors: Two-or four-leafed metal blinders mounted onto lights to control brightness or direction. bit depth: The number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame. The higher the color bit depth, the higher the color precision. A higher color bit depth means more variety, more choices on how much color can be used for each pixel. Video u

FAQs

What is the difference between 1080i and 1080p?

1080i is a high-definition format with 1080 lines using interlaced scanning, while 1080p uses progressive scanning. Both use 1080 lines of vertical resolution.

What do A-roll and B-roll mean in news video editing?

A-roll contains primary action footage and/or interviews, and is used in A/B roll editing. B-roll consists of cutaways and other shots that illustrate the story, such as natural-sound supplemental footage.

How does chroma key work?

Chroma key replaces a colored background with another image. It is commonly performed with a green screen or blue screen background.

Sep 29, 2026

Upload by asda1da