Validity and reliability of the Chinese beliefs about medicines questionnaire–specific in caregivers of children with Epilepsy

Sep 28, 2026

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Validity and reliability of the Chinese Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire–Specific (BMQ-S) were evaluated among caregivers of children with epilepsy (CWE). A cross-sectional study was conducted at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, from June 2021 to May 2024. Chinese BMQ-S responses were analyzed using McDonald’s omega for reliability and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity. Medication adherence was assessed with the Morisky scale, and associations between BMQ-S scores and adherence were tested using binary logistic regression. Results supported tool validity and reliability, while no significant association with adherence was found.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages8

Reading Time20 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 19 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1603132 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Yibo Wu, Zhejiang University, China REVIEWED BY Krystyna Kowalczuk, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Robert J. Wellman, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, United States *CORRESPONDENCE Chunsong Yang [yangchunsong_123@126.com](yangchunsong_123@126.com)[ ](yangchunsong_123@126.com)Rong Luo [lrscu@scu.edu.cn](lrscu@scu.edu.cn) †These authors have contributed equally to this work RECEIVED 31 March 2025 REVISED 07 November 2025 ACCEPTED 28 November 2025 PUBLISHED 19 December 2025 CITATION Jiang X, Tao Q, Xue Y, Yang C and Luo R (2025) Validity and reliability of the Chinese beliefs about medicines questionnaire–specific in caregivers of children with Epilepsy. Front. Public Health 13:1603132 . doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1603132 COPYRIGHT © 2025 Jiang, Tao, Xue, Yang and Luo. This isan open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Validity and reliability of the Chinese beliefs about medicines questionnaire–specific in caregivers of children with Epilepsy Xixi Jiang 1,2†, Qiuji Tao 1,2†, Yawen Xue 1,2, Chunsong Yang 2,3* and Rong Luo 2,4* 1Nursing Unit of Pediatric Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China, 3Department of Pharmacy, Evidencebased Pharmacy Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 4Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Introduction: There are 10.5 million children with epilepsy (CWE) around the world. Approximately 70% of people with epilepsy could become seizure-free with appropriate antiseizure therapy. Beliefs may play an important role in medication adherence according to the Health Belief Model. The Belief about Medicines Questionnaire–Specific (BMQ-S) was developed to assess individuals’beliefs about medicines, yet few studies have examined its application among caregivers of CWE in China. Objective: The study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Chinese BMQ-S among caregivers of CWE. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, from June 2021 to May 2024. The Chinese version of the BMQ-S, originally validated for depression, was adapted for use in this study. After obtaining informed consent, participants were asked to complete a general information questionnaire and the Chinese BMQ-S. Reliability was assessed using McDonald’s omega in SPSS 26 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), and construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis in Mplus 8.1 (Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA, USA) . The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess medication adherence of CWE. The relationship between BMQ-S and adherence was explored using the binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 2,730 caregivers were recruited, of whom 2,405 (88 .01%) completed the survey. The children of participants included 1,283 (53 .35%) boys and 1,122 (46 .65%) girls, ranging in age from 0.08 to 17.80 years. McDonald’somega values were 0.808 for BMQ-necessity and 0.709 for BMQ-concern. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the following fit indices for the final twofactor model: comparative fit index = 0.975, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.964, standardized root mean square residual

FAQs

What is the main purpose of this study?

To verify the validity and reliability of the Chinese Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire–Specific (BMQ-S) among caregivers of children with epilepsy.

How was reliability assessed in the study?

Reliability was evaluated using McDonald’s omega in SPSS 26.

Did BMQ-S scores significantly predict medication adherence?

No. The study found no statistically significant association between BMQ-S scores and medication adherence.

Sep 28, 2026

Uploaded by Hazel