Unraveling the chemotherapeutic potential of taxifolin ruthenium-p-cymene complex in breast carcinoma - AhR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Theodore

Mammary carcinoma remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and organometallic compounds are investigated for potential anticancer activity. This study evaluates the anticancer efficacy of a taxifolin ruthenium-p-cymene complex against breast cancer using in vitro assays on breast cancer cell lines and an in vivo rat breast cancer model. Target proteins are predicted with pharmacophore analysis, and the complex drives apoptosis, suppresses colony formation, alters cell-cycle progression, and reduces EMT-associated biomarkers, impacting migration and proliferation. In vivo results show restoration of breast tissue and modulation of p53-, caspase-3, vimentin, β-catenin, m-TOR, and Akt signaling.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages12

Reading Time30 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Introduction

Translational Oncology 49 (2024) 102107 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Translational Oncology journal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon) | Original Research
Unraveling the chemotherapeutic potential of taxifolin
ruthenium-p-cymene complex in breast carcinoma: Insights into AhR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
*
Abhijit Das , Barshana Bhattacharya , Sakuntala Gayen , Souvik Roy
Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, 124 BL. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India | | | | --- | --- | --- | | A R T I C L E I N F O | | A B S T R A C T | | Keywords:
Ruthenium-p-cymene
Taxifolin
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition Breast carcinoma
AhR pathway | | Background: Mammary carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed form of carcinoma in women worldwide. The organometallic compounds showed a prospective anticancer activity. This research explored the anticancer efficacy of taxifolin ruthenium-p-cymene counter to breast cancer.
Methods: The anticancer efficacy of the novel organometallic compound was investigated via various in vitro and in vivo techniques using breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer model of rat.
Results: Target proteins were identified via pharmacophore analysis, which revealed a high binding affinity towards AhR, EGFR, and β-catenin. The compound induced apoptotic events and prevented cancer cell colony formation. Furthermore, decreased expression of AhR, EGFR, and N-cadherin inhibited cancer cell growth, migration, and proliferation. The compound provoked the cell cycle arrest at sub G0/G1 phase, S phase and G2/ M phase and inaugurated the caspase-3 dependent apoptotic events. The in-vivo experimentation displayed the fruitful restoration of breast tissue since the complex treatment in DMBA persuaded breast carcinoma in rat. Moreover, the upstream of p53 and caspase-3 expression along with substantially downstream of vimentin,β-catenin, m-TOR and Akt expression.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the compound repressed the cancerous cellular viability, migration, and EMT via modulating the AhR/EGFR/ PI3K transduction pathway and the expression of EMT biomarkers such as N-cadherin, E-cadherin, thus eventually revoked the EMT facilitated metastasis of malignant cells. | Introduction Mammary carcinoma is a particularly common type of malignancy in women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In 2020, 2,261,419 new instances of mammary carcinoma and 684,996 fatalities have been reported worldwide [1]. As a consequence, novel treatment strategies for the management of mammary carcinoma are clearly required. Breast carcinoma is brought about by unrestrained proliferation of breast cells, which predominantly arise from the inner lining of the lobules, as a result of abnormalities in the genes which govern mammary cell proliferation [2]. As per earlier findings, numerous proteins have been identified that regulate breast carcinoma development, including aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand mediated transcription factor. The expression of AhR was found to be elevated in mammary carcinoma cells in association with the healthy mammary cell [3] and it is primarily involved in xenobiotic metabolism by activating multiple AhR sensitive genes [4,5], thus forming DNA adducts which transforms a normal cell into cancerous one [6]. In addition, AhR also regulates the cellular processes like cellular proliferation, migration, and adhesion by triggering Wnt/β-catenin or MAPK through non-genomic pathway [7]. In the process of cancer progression and migration epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) portrays a pivotal part. It is a biological process that happens throughout healthy embryonic development as well as during the regeneration of tissues, the fibrosis of organs, and the healing of wounds. Epithelial cells have the ability to

FAQs

What anticancer activity does the taxifolin ruthenium-p-cymene complex target in breast carcinoma?

The study assesses anticancer effects including reduced viability, inhibited migration and proliferation, prevention of colony formation, and suppression of EMT associated with metastasis.

How were the compound’s effects investigated experimentally?

The compound’s anticancer efficacy was tested using in vitro methods with breast cancer cell lines and in vivo experimentation using a rat breast cancer model.

Which signaling and molecular markers were reported as affected by the treatment?

The findings report modulation of the AhR/EGFR/PI3K transduction pathway and EMT biomarkers such as N-cadherin and E-cadherin, along with changes in p53, caspase-3, vimentin, β-catenin, m-TOR, and Akt in vivo.

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Theodore