TÜRKIYE CCDR - Background Note 8 - Framing climate, welfare, and the just transition in Türkiye

Jul 19, 2026

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Background Note 8 frames the key components of a just transition to a green economy in Türkiye and outlines associated short- to long-term policy implications. The note explains how climate change uncertainty and distributional impacts can be managed through early preparedness, drawing on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents a three-level framework covering households, workers, and communities, addressing education and social assistance, green skills and job creation, and participatory adaptation and mitigation mechanisms, culminating in a policy roadmap.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages16

Reading Time40 min

Motivation and conceptual framework

Mitigating climate-related poverty vulnerabilities

Boosting human capital and green jobs

Ensuring socially inclusive climate resilience

Towards a Policy Roadmap for a Just Transition in Turkey

Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized TÜRKIYE CCDR Background Note 8 Framing climate, welfare, and the just transition inTürkiye Pub lic Disc losure Authorized Source: World Bank Flickr Photo Collection This background note was prepared for the Turkey Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) by Heba Elgazzar, Javier Baez, Andrea Fitri Woodhouse, Mattia Makovec, Cigdem Celik, and Daniel Garrote Sanchez, with inputs from AysenurAcar, Efsan Nas Ozen, Joel Reyes, Merve Demirel, Mini Saraswati, and Ozge Elif Cesur. Contents Motivation and conceptual framework ........................................................................................................ 3 Mitigating climate-related poverty vulnerabilities ....................................................................................... 4 Boosting human capital and green jobs........................................................................................................ 7 Ensuring socially inclusive climate resilience.............................................................................................. 11 Towards a Policy Roadmap for a Just Transition in Turkey ........................................................................ 15 Figures Figure 1 Conceptual framework for the just transition: assessment and policy design at three levels....... 3 Figure 2 Earthquake hazard versus number of poor by province (NUTS2-coded provinces) ....................... 6 Figure 3 Average annual share of land burned (2011-2021) and poverty rate by province ........................ 6 Figure 4 Number of people living in flood-prone provinces versus number of poor (NUTS2-coded provinces) ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5 Human Capital Index (HCI) versus aggregate social expenditures, Turkey and global trends, 2017-2020 ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 6 Level of digital problem-solving skills, Turkey and global trends, 2018 ......................................... 8 Figure 7 Secondary school learning outcomes (PISA) by theme, regional zones and household income over time ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 8 Share of green jobs versus GDP per capita, Turkey and ECA, 2019.............................................. 10 Figure 9 Share of jobs that will require upskilling due to greening by province, 2019 (NUTS2-coded) 11 Figure 10 Ability to afford unexpected expenses across provinces in Turkey............................................ 12 Figure 11 Concern with pollution near the home is lowest in central Turkey (Source: Income and Living Conditions Survey, Turkish Statistical Institute 2016) ................................................................................ 15 Figure 12 Policy aims and potential inventions for supporting Turkey’s just transition, short-to long-term.................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Motivation and conceptual framework As countries including Turkey embark on climate-oriented development, ensuring equality of opportunity for all will help stimulate a transition that is socially just. The aim of this note is to frame the key components of a “just transition” to a green economy in Turkey and associated policy implications over the short- to long-term. The uncertainty around climate change and its distributional impacts remains high, yet early interventions can prepare households, workers and communities for various scenarios. Learning from the novel coronavirus (CO

FAQs

这份背景说明的目的是什么？

它旨在界定土耳其实现“公正转型（just transition）”通往绿色经济的关键组成部分，并提出相应的短期到长期政策含义。

公正转型框架包含哪些层级？

框架聚焦三个层级：家庭、劳动者（工人）与社区，并分别讨论其面临的影响与机会。

背景说明如何应对气候相关的贫困脆弱性？

通过加强具备适应性的教育投入与社会援助模式，来缓解最脆弱群体在突发变化中可能遭遇的学习和收入损失。

文中为何强调提前准备与应对机制？

因为气候变化及其分配效应的不确定性仍高；提前干预有助于让家庭、工人和社区为多种情景做好准备，并借鉴COVID-19疫情在应急准备体系方面的经验。

Jul 19, 2026

Upload by Jiven