Triple-negative breast cancer treatment with core-shell Magnetic@Platinium-Metal organic framework/epirubicin nano-platforms for chemo-photodynamic based combinational therapy - A review

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Riley

The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) enabled by core-shell nano-platforms offers a promising strategy to enhance breast cancer treatment by overcoming tumor hypoxia and improving drug penetration. Core-shell magnetic (Fe3O4)@platinum-metal organic framework/epirubicin (M@Pt-MOF/EPI) is highlighted as an effective therapeutic agent. Key advantages include small particle size, rounded morphology, and pH-responsive behavior, which support targeted drug delivery. Extensive evidence on this chemo-photodynamic combinational platform for triple-negative breast cancer is reviewed, including performance and efficacy considerations.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages5

Reading Time13 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Core-shell nano-platform design and key features

Challenges and MOF-based functional improvements

Preclinical applications and cell-line evidence

® Narrative Review Triple-negative breast cancer treatment with core-shell Magnetic@Platinium-Metal organic framework/epirubicin nano-platforms for chemophotodynamic based combinational therapy A review Kangjie Xu, MDa , Yanhua Zhang, MDb , Hui Cheng, MDc , Weipeng Chen, MDc , Cheng Chen, MDc , Minglei Zhang, MDd , He Song, MDe , Feng Wang, MDc ,* | Abstract
The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), enabled by core-shell nano-platforms, is a promising method to improve cancer therapy by overcoming hypoxia and boosting drug penetration in breast tumor. Core-shell magnetic (iron oxide: Fe3O4)@platinum-metal organic framework/epirubicin (abbreviated as M@Pt-MOF/EPI) nano-platform is considered an effective cancer therapeutic agent. Relatively small particle size, round shape, and specific response to pH, are the key features of these nanomaterials to be used as promising therapeutic agents. Chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy, when applied in addition to the anticancer effects of nanomaterials, further enhance the therapeutic efficacy. The extensive use, utilization, and efficacy of Core-Shell Magnetic@Platinium-Metal Organic Framework/epirubicin Nano-Platforms for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy in the treatment of several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, are examined in this in-depth investigation. | | --- | | Abbreviations: 1O2 = single oxygen molecules, Fe3O4 = iron oxide, MOF = metal-organic frameworks, PDT = photodynamic therapy, POD = peroxidase, Pt = platinum, ROS = reactive oxygen species. | | Keywords: breast cancer, chemotherapy, epirubicin, metal-organic frameworks, photodynamic | 1. Introduction Breast cancer is one of the leading cancer types in women, which poses a high burden on health systems across the globe. Among the subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative 4TI breast tumor has been reported as the most aggressive cancers, which have a high mortality and morbidity rates. [1,2] Due to the high drug resistance, higher chances of recurrence, poor prognosis, and great risk of metastasis, current treatment options such as surgery and chemotherapy available for triple-negative breast cancer,[1] are not very promising and effective. Therefore, new technologies are required to be applied for better treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. One of the most effective treatment options can be the use of nano-platform for drug delivery. These nanoplatforms can help in effective combinational therapeutic strategies. [3,4] To select the most suitable option, it is necessary to confirm the nature and characteristics of nanomaterials therefore, in the case of triple-negative breast cancer, metal nano-platforms can be of great importance such as using iron oxide (Fe3O4 ) with various coatings, considering their importance such as high loading capacity, biocompatibility, imaging capability, controlled catalytic activities, multimodal cancer treatment, feasible production, and target specific delivery.[5–10] However, magnetic nanoparticles face a number of challenges, including uneven size distribution, limited drug loading, the use of hazardous chemical compounds in manufacturing, slow degradation with high agglomeration, and accumulation in vital organs with serious consequences. According to a number of studies, adding metal-organic frameworks (MOF) coatings on metal nano-platforms increases their porosity and functionality while also allowing for regulated drug release in an acidic environment.[11–16] Additionally, MOF coating improves the nano-platforms’ biocompatibility, catalytic activity, and colloidal stability.[17–21] In addition to increasing the stability of the drug and enhancing its permeability in cell lines related to triple-negative breast cancer, Chowdhuri et al[22] and Alijani et al[23] used nanoplatforms by using different cell lines and found that using M@IRMOF-3/folic acid in The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The

FAQs

Why are core-shell nano-platforms important for triple-negative breast cancer chemo-photodynamic therapy?

They combine chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy to improve treatment effectiveness by reducing hypoxia effects and enhancing drug penetration into tumor tissue.

What are the main features of the M@Pt-MOF/EPI nano-platform discussed in the review?

It features small particle size, a round shape, and pH-responsive behavior, which support its function as a promising therapeutic agent.

What challenges limit magnetic nanoparticles in cancer therapy, and how does MOF coating help?

Magnetic nanoparticles face issues such as uneven size distribution, limited drug loading, hazardous manufacturing chemicals, slow degradation with aggregation, and accumulation in vital organs. MOF coatings increase porosity and functionality and enable regulated drug release in acidic environments, while improving biocompatibility, catalytic activity, and stability.

Sep 21, 2026

Uploaded by Riley