Trade Therapy - Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses

Jul 19, 2026

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Trade Therapy: Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses examines how international trade in medical goods and services supports global health security. It analyzes trade flows before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies key drivers and the functioning of medical supply chains, and reviews trade policies under normal conditions and crisis contexts. The report then outlines how deeper cooperation—through trade policy coordination and collaboration beyond trade agreements—can improve preparedness. It concludes with an action plan for future pandemics and reform priorities.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages191

Reading Time8 h 1 min

Overview

Introduction

Trade flows in medical goods and services

Policies affecting trade in medical goods and services

Deepening cooperation on medical goods and services trade

Introduction

Stronger trade systems for better global health security

Organization of the report

1 Trade flows in medical goods and services

The medical goods and services trade: Relevance, characteristics, and welfare implications

Drivers of trade in medical goods and services

Functioning of medical supply chains

Patterns in medical goods and services trade before the pandemic

Developments in medical goods and services trade during the pandemic

2 Trade policies in medical goods and services

Policies affecting medical goods and services trade under normal conditions

Policies affecting medical goods and services trade during the COVID-19 pandemic

3 Deepening cooperation on medical goods and services trade

International cooperation on trade in medical goods

Trade policy cooperation to contribute to global health security

Cooperation beyond trade agreements for global health security

4 Leveraging medical goods and services trade for future pandemics: An action plan

Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized TRADE THERAPY Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses Trade Therapy Trade Therapy Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses World Bank and World Trade Organization © 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and the World Trade Organization 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 25 24 23 22 This workis a product of the staff of The World Bank and the World Trade Organization with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or those of the World Trade Organization, its partners, or any of its members. The World Bank and WTO do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or the currency of the data included in this work and do not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank or the World Trade Organization concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank or WTO, whose privileges and immunities are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under) the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank and World Trade Organization. 2022. Trade Therapy: Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648 -1885-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank or World Trade Organization and should not be considered an official World Bank or World Trade Organization translation. The World Bank or World Trade Organization shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank and World Trade Organization. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank or World Trade Organization. Third-party content—The World Bank and World Trade Organization do not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank and World Trade Organization therefore do not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can incl

FAQs

What core topics does the report cover on medical goods and services trade?

It covers trade flows in medical goods and services, the policies affecting them under normal and pandemic conditions, and how deeper cooperation can strengthen global health security.

How does the report compare trade before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?

It presents patterns in medical goods and services trade before the pandemic and developments during the pandemic, alongside the functioning of medical supply chains and the main drivers of trade.

What is the purpose of deepening cooperation discussed in the report?

The report explains how international cooperation on trade in medical goods, trade policy coordination for global health security, and collaboration beyond trade agreements can improve preparedness for future pandemics.

Jul 19, 2026

Upload by Eliana