The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer - insightson their therapeutic management

Sep 21, 2026

Upload by Eliana

Reproductive cancers arise in the reproductive organs, with prostate cancer (PCa) standing as a leading malignancy affecting the male reproductive system. PCa metastasis causes severe negative outcomes that worsen mortality and life quality. Inflammation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are central to PCa biology, driven by inflammatory cells, cytokines, and CXC chemokines. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are key for PCa development, prognosis, immunotherapy, and potential therapeutic suppression.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages39

Reading Time1 h 38 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methods

Proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines

Ullah et al. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters (2024) 29:73 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-024-00591-9](https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-024-00591-9) Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters REVIEW Open Access The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insightson their therapeutic management Amin Ullah1†, Wang Jiao1† and Bairong Shen1* | †Amin Ullah and Wang Jiao contributed equally to this work and should be considered first authors. | | --- | | *Correspondence: [bairong.shen@scu.edu.cn](bairong.shen@scu.edu.cn) | 1 Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Abstract Reproductive cancers are malignancies that develop in the reproductive organs. One of the leading cancers affecting the male reproductive system on a global scale is prostate cancer (PCa) . The negative consequences of PCa metastases endure and are severe, significantly affecting mortality and life quality for those who are affected. The association between inflammation and PCa has captured interest for a while. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, CXC chemokines, signaling pathways, and other elements make up the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are especially crucial for PCa development and prognosis. Cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL1–CXCL6, and CXCL8–CXCL16 are thought to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of PCa, which include inflammation, progression, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration in advanced PCa, and therapeutic resistance. The inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokines systems are also promising candidates for PCa suppression and immunotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide insight on how the spectra of inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines evolve as PCa develops and spreads. We also discussed recent developments in our awareness of the diverse molecular signaling pathways of these circulating cytokines and CXC chemokines, as well as their associated receptors, which may one day serve as PCa-targeted therapies. Moreover, the current status and potential of theranostic PCa therapies based on cytokines, CXC chemokines, and CXC receptors (CXCRs) are examined. Keywords: Prostate cancer (PCa), Cytokines, CXC chemokines, Inflammation, Targeted therapies Introduction Cancers that develop in the reproductive organs are referred to as reproductive cancers [1]. PCa is the most typical kind of male reproductive cancer [2]. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in the blood are assessed during PCa [3]. Regarding the © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)[.](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.) Ullah et al. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters (2024) 29:73 Page 2 of 39 number of diagnoses amon

FAQs

Why are inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines important in prostate cancer?

They are crucial for prostate cancer development and prognosis by shaping the inflammation-driven tumor microenvironment and influencing multiple tumor-promoting processes.

What does the review aim to explain about cytokines and chemokines during PCa?

It provides insight into how inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokine spectra evolve as prostate cancer develops and spreads, including related signaling pathways and receptors.

How does the review connect these molecules to therapy?

It examines current status and potential of theranostic prostate cancer approaches using cytokines, CXC chemokines, and their receptors, highlighting therapeutic management opportunities.

Sep 21, 2026

Upload by Eliana