The Relevance of Common K-RAS Gene Mutations and K-RAS mRNA Expression with Clinicopathological Findings and Survival in Breast Cancer

Sep 24, 2026

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A case-control study evaluated the prevalence of common K-RAS mutations and K-RAS mRNA expression in breast cancer and assessed their links to clinicopathological features and 5-year overall survival. Tumor paraffin samples were classified as cases with codon 12 or 13 exon 2 mutations and controls without these mutations. K-RAS mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. K-RAS mutations were found in 14% and 10% of patients, and markers showed significant associations with T stage, PR positivity, N stage, and 5-year survival. The combined use of mutation and mRNA expression may help estimate prognosis.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages6

Reading Time15 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Patients and samples

Results

Conclusion

RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:09/23/2022 Acceptance:03/18/2023 The Relevance ofCommonK-RAS Gene Mutations and K-RAS mRNA Expression with Clinicopathological Findings and Survival in Breast Cancer Shaghayegh Kamian1, Hasan Ashoori2, Farnaz Vahidian3, Sima Davoudi1 * Abstract Introduction: Studies have shown the role of mutation and gene expression ofK-RAS in luminal breast cancer. In the current study, the status of common K-RAS mutations and mRNA expression in breast cancer were investigated. The aim of this research was determining the relationship of these molecular finding with clinicopathological features and 5 year overall survival. Material and Methods: In this case control study, we examined tumor tissue obtained from patients who had breast surgery which their paraffin tissue samples were available in the pathology department. Samples who had codon 12 and 13 mutations in exon 2 ofK-RAS gene were considered as case group and tumor tissues without these mutations were considered as control group. The expression ofK-RAS mRNA was explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the results were reviewed with clinicopathological features and survival of patients. Results: The results of the present study showed that 14% and 10% of patients had K-RAS mutations in codons 12 and 13, respectively. There was a significant relationship between K-RAS mutations with T staging and PR positivity in tumors. Five years overall survival was 8% in case group compare to control group who had 69% 5y OS. Furthermore, K-RAS mRNA expression had a significant relationship with T and N staging and 5 year survival. In conclusion, it seems that two molecular markers of mutation and K-RAS gene expression may be used simultaneously to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion: It seems that two molecular markers of mutation and K-RAS gene expression may be used simultaneously to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Keywords: Survival-breast neoplasm-K-RAS mRNA-KRAS protein-human Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 24 (3), 909-914 Introduction Breast cancer is known as one of the most common cancers among women, Breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancers in women, and in 2016, approximately 3.5 million women were living with a history of breast cancer in the United States (Bertucci et al., 2012; Marriotto et al., 2017). According to the latest statistics of the Iranian Cancer Research Center, about 8,500 new cases of breast cancer are reported every year, of which 1,400 deaths are caused by breast cancer. Also, currently about 40,000 people in the country are suffering from this disease (Tahergorabi et al., 2014) . Over the years, many genes and proteins have been discovered that play different roles in carcinogenesis of breast cancer (Khan et al., 2019) . One of the most commonly mutated human carcinogens are RAS proteins which remain a critical target for novel treatments (Marin-Ramos et al., 2019). Members ofthe RAS family are low molecular weight monomeric GTP-binding proteins that play important roles as core components of cellular networks controlling various signaling pathways: regulation of growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangements, motility, and cell survival (Ferrer et al., 2018; Murugan et al. , 2019) . Previous researches has improved the understanding of the structure, processing, and signaling pathways of RAS in cancer cells and has opened new ways to inhibit RAS function. Abnormally activated RAS proteins regulate the function of key signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of one-third of human cancers (Li et al., 2018; Lindsay et al., 2018) . The proteins of RAS act as cellular switch that is turned on by extracellular stimuli leading to the transient formation of an active, GTP-bound form of RAS which activates various signaling pathways to regulate fundamental cellular processes (Pązik et al., 2021) . Irrev

FAQs

What was the purpose of the study regarding K-RAS in breast cancer?

The study aimed to determine the relationship between common K-RAS gene mutations and K-RAS mRNA expression with clinicopathological features and 5-year overall survival.

How were case and control groups defined in the research?

Cases included tumors with codon 12 and 13 mutations in exon 2 of the K-RAS gene, while controls were tumor tissues without these mutations.

What did the study find about survival differences between groups?

Five-year overall survival was reported as 8% in the case group compared with 69% in the control group.

Sep 24, 2026

Upload by Kyle