The Nonverbal means of Communication in Mongolian using the Word “Tolgoi (‘Head’in English)” - Article

Oct 15, 2026

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Communication is a central human activity shaping lifestyle, careers, and demeanor. This study examines modern Mongolian nonverbal means of communication through examples using the word “tolgoi” (“head” in English”) and references to modern Mongolian literature. In contemporary Mongolia, nonverbal systems have distinct types, forms, and grammar tied to Mongolian culture, customs, and everyday life. The research records 23 tolgoi-based nonverbal means, many expressing ignorance, sadness, or regret, indicating a negative attitude.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryLiterature

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Pages9

Reading Time14 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Brief about nonverbal communication

Advances in Language and Literary Studies ISSN: 2203-4714 [www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au) | The Nonverbal means of Communication in Mongolian using the Word “Tolgoi (‘Head’in English)”
Tsulbaatar Onon1*, BadamjavAzzaya2, Tseden Otgonsuren3
1Department of Asian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia
2Department of Mongolian Language and linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia 3Department of Great Britain and American Studies, Faculty of Humanities, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia Corresponding Author: Tseden Otgonsuren, E-mail: [tsul_onon@num.edu.mn](tsul_onon@num.edu.mn) | | | --- | --- | | ARTICLE INFO
Article history
Received: January 24, 2021
Accepted: March 13, 2021
Published: April 30, 2021
Volume: 12 Issue: 2
Advance access: April 2021 Conflicts of interest: None
Funding: None
Key words:
Mongolian Language, Nonverbal Communication,
Nonverbal Means of Communication, Head Movement,
Formation of Nonverbal Means of Communication | ABSTRACT | | | One of the most important activities in which we engage, is communication. It plays a vital role in our lifestyles, careers and demeanors. This paper, which can be considered a continuation of early observations and then a study, touches upon the types of nonverbal means of communication in the modern Mongolian language, based on examples that have used the word “tolgoi (‘head’in English)” and cited modern Mongolian literature. In modern Mongolia, nonverbal means of communication have their own special types, forms and grammar, which all use real words and expressions related to Mongolian culture, customs and lifestyle. For this research paper, 23 nonverbal means of communication using the word tolgoi were recorded, and most of them expressed ignorance, sadness or regret, which indicated a negative attitude. | INTRODUCTION C.S. Peirce (1839-1914), known as a father of semiotics or sign language (henceforth, the nonverbal means of communication), first defined semiotics as a composition of relations between semiotics and signs, relations between sign semiotics and their meanings, and practical uses of semioticsigns during communication. Additionally, this nonverbal means of communication has been underlined by S. William (1965) as a composition of hand postures, hand movements, hand directions and their rhythms as well as facial appearances and body movements in their studies. According to A.Mehrabian, 40-70% of communication is nonverbal; 7% of information is exchanged by words, 38% by speaking, and 55% by facial movements (Mehrabian 2009) . The linguist L. Ballenger also noted that nonverbal means of communication include eye contact, facial movements, head movements, gestures, personal appearances, body movements, touching movements and sounds (see Sukhbaatar Ts, 1996) . A number of researchers, including P. Ekman (1971), D. Efron (1972), M.L. Knapp (1972), A. E. Scheflen (1973), W. Wundt (1973), A.M. Kendon (1983), D. McNeill (1992), C. Izzard (1992), N. Suzuki (1993), Ya.Toyama (1994), J.A. Russell (1995), S. Kita (2000), N. Furuyama (2001) and A.Peace (2004), spent several years elaborately studying the meanings, functions, structures, grammar and social or cultural properties of nonverbal communication.. In recent decades, nonverbal means of communication have been considered a straightforward and simple understanding between communicators and a concise and comprehensive statement of information or messages. Precisely, a communicator can feel the partner’s positive and negative emotions, evaluations and attitudes through his or her facial movements, hand movements, tones of voice, body movements and posture. In other words, all of these are nonverbal means of communication that express comprehensive understanding without any words when communicators exchange their views and obtain more information. This study focused on t

FAQs

What is the focus of the paper on Mongolian nonverbal communication?

The paper examines types, meanings, and structures of nonverbal means of communication in modern Mongolian using examples involving the word “tolgoi” (“head”).

How does the paper characterize nonverbal communication in modern Mongolia?

It states that Mongolian nonverbal means have special types, forms, and grammar connected to Mongolian culture, customs, and lifestyle.

What did the recorded tolgoi-based nonverbal means most often express?

Most of the 23 recorded nonverbal means expressed ignorance, sadness, or regret, suggesting a negative attitude.

Oct 15, 2026

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