The Examination of Online and Paper-Pencil Test Scores of Students Engaged in Online Learning - read online free

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by Aran

The study investigates online test scores and paper-pencil test scores of students learning through online education, using causal-comparative research to analyze score distribution and the relationship between assessment modes. Participants are freshman students across 12 faculties and 8 colleges at a state university in Türkiye. Findings show higher online test scores and higher passing rates in online exams. However, a lower relationship between paper-pencil and online scores suggests inconsistency, potentially driven by un-proctored online testing; proctored environments, computerized adaptive testing, or added online activities may reduce it.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

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The Examination of Online and Paper-Pencil Test Scores of Students Engaged in Online Learning Necati Taşkın, Kerem Erzurumlu Abstract: In this study, online test scores and paper-pencil test scores of students studying through online learning were examined. Causal-comparative research was used to determine the distribution of students' test scores and to examine the relationship between them. The participants of the research are freshman students studying in 12 faculties and 8 colleges of a state university in Türkiye. The distribution of students' test scores is depicted by means, standard deviation, percentage, and graphs. The correlation coefficient was examined to find and interpret the amount of relationship between the test scores of the students. According to the findings, it was seen that the online test scores of the students were higher than the paper-pencil test scores. At the same time, it was observed that the passing of the course rates in online test exams was higher than in the paper-pencil test exams. It was observed that the relationship between the paper-pencil test scores of the students and the online test scores was lower than the relationship between the paper-pencil test scores and the paper-pencil test scores. There is an inconsistency between students' paper-pencil test scores and online test scores. The rise in students' online test scores to un-proctored online exams as the reason for the inconsistency. Moving online exams to proctored exam environments, using computerized adaptive testing, or including online activities in the assessment may reduce this inconsistency. Keywords: online learning, online assessment, un-proctored exam, online test, paper-pencil test Highlights What is already known about this topic: • The demand for online assessment methods is steadily rising in education. • Online exams are susceptible to cheating. • Concerns are growing about the accuracy of the online assessment. What this paper contributes: • It will show the relationship between the students' online test scores and the paper-pencil test scores. • It will provide valuable information about the functionality of un-proctored online testing. Implications for theory, practice and/or policy: • It will help universities and educators develop innovative solutions for online exams. • It will raise awareness among educators about creating a safe online exam environment. Introduction With the increasing interest in online learning, online exams have started to be used more as an assessment method. The Covid-19 pandemic has further increased the importance of online assessment (Daniel, 2020; Rahim, 2020), showing that online exams will be an important part of education in the future (Langenfeld, 2020) . Online exams reduce the workload of instructors, simplify the process, reduce costs, and provide flexibility in the context of time and space to learners (ButlerHenderson & Crawford, 2020) . Although online exams offer more opportunities than paper-pencil exams (Born et al. , 2019; Zhang et al. , 2019), they may cause reliability issues (Palloff & Pratt, 2009) and cheating (Hylton et al. , 2016) . Un-proctored tests are often the first choice of instructors for online assessment (Clark et al. , 2020) . In these tests, students are not supervised by a live supervisor or technologies such as artificial intelligence during the exam. So, some security measures are taken, such as time limitation, random ordering of questions and options, creating a question pool, limiting the test time, and delaying feedback (Şenel & Şenel, 2021) . Although these measures reduce the possibility of cheating, they do not guarantee its security. The biggest danger that threatens security is that students receive help from anyone other than themselves (Kılınç et al. , 2021) . This raises concerns about the accuracy and fairness of online assessment results. Measurement and evaluation are some of the biggest problems

FAQs

How does the study compare online and paper-pencil test results?

It examines score distributions and uses correlation analysis to interpret the relationship between students’ online test scores and their paper-pencil test scores.

What do the results show about online versus paper-pencil scores?

Online test scores are higher than paper-pencil scores, and passing course rates in online exams are higher as well.

Why does the study suggest inconsistency between assessment types?

It attributes the inconsistency to higher online scores in un-proctored online exams and argues that moving to proctored environments or other assessment design changes may reduce it.

Oct 15, 2026

Uploaded by Aran