The Effectiveness of Playing Therapy - Painting and Colouring on Anxiety Levels Preschool Children before Chemotherapy Procedures in Women and Children Hospital of Harapan Kita Jakarta

Q: What problem does the study address?

Children with cancer experience anxiety due to chemotherapy and its uncomfortable side effects, which can hinder timely treatment.

Q: What intervention does the study evaluate?

Playing therapy focused on painting and colouring as non-pharmacological nursing interventions before chemotherapy.

Q: How were anxiety levels measured and what were the outcomes?

Anxiety was measured using the HARS questionnaire. The study found significant decreases in anxiety after colouring and after painting and colouring, with colouring showing the larger reduction.

Aug 26, 2026

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Cancer treatment creates anxiety that affects children both physically and psychologically, making pre-chemotherapy interventions essential. This quasi-experimental study evaluates the effectiveness of playing therapy through painting and colouring to reduce anxiety in 16 preschool children with cancer at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta. Anxiety was measured using the HARS questionnaire. Results show significant reductions after colouring (p-value < 0.000, Δ = -15.00) and after painting and colouring (p-value < 0.000, Δ = -13.00), with colouring recommended as a nursing intervention.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages7

Reading Time18 min

AccessFree to download

1 INTRODUCTION

Background and rationale

Psychological impact of chemotherapy

Role of nursing interventions and play therapy

Purpose of the study

# The Effectiveness of Playing Therapy:Painting and Colouring onAnxiety Levels Preschool Children before Chemotherapy Proceduresin Women and Children Hospital of Harapan Kita Jakarta Widia Sari¹,Ety Nurhayati¹,Suhendar Sulaeman²and Nyimas Heny Purwanti² INursing Departement,Esa Unggul University,Jakarta,Indonesia²Department of Nursing,Muhammadiyah Jakarta University,Jakarta,Indonesia Keywords: painting,colouring,anxiety,preschoolers,chemotherapy. Abstract:Cancer and its treatment will cause anxiety and various effects not only physically but also psychologically.One of the things that matter to reduce anxiety in children is playing therapy:painting and coloring.Thepurpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of painting and coloring in reducing the anxiety levelof preschool children before undergoing chemotherapy at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta.This research is anquasi-experimental research with non-equivalent without control group research design.This study used totalsampling technique with 16 preschool age children with cancer.The data measurement tool uses a HARSquestionnaire.The results of this study showed that there was an average difference in anxiety levels ofchildren before and after coloring interventions before chemotherapy procedures (p-value<0,000,△=-15.00)and painting and coloring interventions also showed an average difference in children's anxiety levels beforeand after intervention before undergoing chemotherapy procedures (p-value<0,000,△=-13.00).The givingof coloring interventions is more recommended to be applied as one of the nursing interventions to decreasethe anxiety of preschoolers with cancer before undergoing chemotherapy procedures. suffer from cancer yearly,and 650 cases of cancer inchildren are found in Jakarta.The most commontypes of cancer in children in Indonesia are leukaemiaand retinoblastoma. ## 1 INTRODUCTION Cancer is one of the chronic diseases that often occurin children.According to the National Care Institute(NCI)(2014),it is estimated that 1 in 285 children inthe US are diagnosed with cancer before the age of Chemotherapy is one of the most effectivetreatments for cancer in children (Hockenberry &Wilson,2009).It is not easy for cancer patients todecide on chemotherapy with its uncomfortable side-effects (Bowdeen & Greenberg, 2010).Chemotherapy will have a physical and psychologicalimpact on children. 20.Based on data from the International Agency forResearch on Cancer (IARC)1 in 600 children in theworld have cancer under the age of 16 years,and 80%of children diagnosed with cancer come fromdeveloping countries (IARC,2014). The psychological impact is anxiety.The anxietythat occurs due to the pain caused,symptoms and sideeffects of pot cancer treatments(Nikkhahet al.,2014).This anxiety will lead to delayed chemotherapy inchildren,so much so that nurses should be sensitiveto appropriate intervention. According to the International Confederation ofChildhood Cancer Parent Organization (ICCCPO,2014 in IARC,2014),an estimated 100,000 childrenworldwide die from cancer each year.According tothe American Cancer Society(2016),most cases ofcancer in children are leukemia that is as many as 664cases(27.3%),malignum lymphoma 85 cases(3.5%),retinoblastoma as many as 81 cases(3.3%),rhabdomyosarcoma 53 cases (2.2%) andneuroblastoma as many as 50 cases(2.1%).Based onIndonesian Child Oncology Foundation(YOAI)(2014)an estimated 11,000 children in Indonesia The nurse may provide nursing interventionsthrough atraumatic care.Atraumatic action is oneform of a nurse's caring towards clients.The nurse'scaring process takes place through how the nurseunderstands a meaningful event in a person's life thataffects feelings and emotions.This is consistent with 2820 The Effectiveness of Playing Therapy:Painting and Colouring on Anxiety Levels Preschool Children before Chemotherapy Procedures inWomen and Children Hospital of Harapan Kita Jakarta the theory of caring pioneered

FAQs

What problem does the study address?

Children with cancer experience anxiety due to chemotherapy and its uncomfortable side effects, which can hinder timely treatment.

What intervention does the study evaluate?

Playing therapy focused on painting and colouring as non-pharmacological nursing interventions before chemotherapy.

How were anxiety levels measured and what were the outcomes?

Anxiety was measured using the HARS questionnaire. The study found significant decreases in anxiety after colouring and after painting and colouring, with colouring showing the larger reduction.

Aug 26, 2026

Upload by Fahsai