The effect of education in obese type 2 diabetes adolescents and young adults based on continuous glucose monitoring and smartwatch-derived lifelog data - Research study findings

Sep 30, 2026

Increasing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is a major public health concern, particularly in the setting of childhood obesity. This pilot prospective interventional study tested whether lifestyle education delivered using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) plus smartwatch-derived lifelog data improves outcomes in obese AYAs with T2D. Seven participants aged 12–19 years received CGM for 10 days, followed by education, with outcomes reassessed after a further 10 days. Education increased time in range and reduced time above range, alongside improvements in dietary intake, physical activity, and diabetes self-care scores.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages8

Reading Time20 min

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Original article [https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2550026.013](https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2550026.013)[ ](https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2550026.013)[Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2025](Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2025);[30:305-312](30:305-312) The effect of education in obese type 2 diabetes adolescents and young adults based on continuous glucose monitoring and smartwatch-derived lifelog data Hyun Ah Woo1, Ja Hyang Cho2, Kye Shik Shim2, Do Hyun Kim3, Hae Woon Jung1, Mi Young Han1 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea Received: 27 January, 2025 Revice: 12 May, 2025 Accepted: 19 May, 2025 Address for correspondence: Mi Young Han Deparment of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, 23, Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea [Email: myhan44@naver.com](Email: myhan44@naver.com) [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-)0982 Purpose: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is a major public health concern worldwide. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of lifestyle education in managing T2D in obese AYAs using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and smartwatch-derived lifelog data. Methods: Seven obese AYAsand T2D aged 12–19 years were enrolled in this prospective interventional study. Patients continued to take their previously prescribed T2D medication. CGM data were collected for 10 days, followed by lifestyle education using CGM and smartwatch data. Outcomes, including anthropometrics, glycemic control, dietary intake, physical activity, and self-management skills, were reassessed after an additional 10 days. Results: The median time in range increased from 58.1%(53.2%–75%) to 72%(64%–88%)(P=0.043) and time above range (>250 mg/dL) decreased from 10%(2.9%–18.6%) to 3.0%(1.0%–11.0%) (P=0.028). Median peak total caloric intake decreased from 2,854 (2,465– 3,040) kcal/day to 2,091 (1,751–2,283) kcal/day and walking calorie expenditure increased from 163.9 (116.7–321.3) kcal/day to 180.2 (165.3–492.4) kcal/day (P=0.018 for both). The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities score improved from 0.29 (0.05–0.43) to 0.33 (0.32–0.68) (P=0.043). Conclusion: This integrated approach combining CGM and smartwatch-based education exhibited short-term effects on glycemic control, dietary habits, physical activity, and self-management skills in obese AYAs and T2D. Further studies are needed to confirm the long-term effectiveness of this strategy in this challenging population. Keywords: Adolescents and young adults, Continuous glucose monitoring, Lifestyle modification, Obesity, Pediatrics, Smart watch, Type 2 diabetes Highlights · Integrating continuous glucose monitoring and smartwatch-derived lifelog data into intensive lifestyle education proved effective in achieving short-term improvements in glycemic control, dietary habits, physical activity, and selfmanagement among obese adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes. These results highlight the potential of this multimodal digital approach for managing type 2 diabetes in this challenging population. Introduction The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), which is closely associated with the increasing rates of childhood obesity [1-4], is a major health challenge globally. Early-onset T2D presents a more severe phenotype than adult-onset T2D, and is characterized by rapid disease This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)) which permits unrestrict

FAQs

What was the main purpose of the study?

To evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle education for managing T2D in obese adolescents and young adults using CGM and smartwatch-derived lifelog data.

How was the lifestyle education implemented in the study?

Participants collected CGM data for 10 days, then received lifestyle education based on the CGM and smartwatch data, followed by reassessment after an additional 10 days.

What improvements were observed after the integrated education approach?

Time in range increased and time above range decreased, with reductions in peak total caloric intake and improvements in walking calorie expenditure and diabetes self-care activities.

Sep 30, 2026

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