The 'Britannia' Table Book - Robert Paine - Arithmetical Signs, Arabic and Roman Numerals, Notation and Numeration Table, Multiplication Table

Sep 29, 2026

Instructional mathematics reference page covering arithmetical symbols and their meanings, including terms for sums, differences, products, quotients, dividend and divisor. Explains currency abbreviations and the notation for decimal fractions and powers. Provides tables and rules for Arabic and Roman numerals, including Roman letter values and subtraction/addition conventions. Includes a notation and numeration table for reading large numbers in periods of three and outlines multiplication tables through continued sections.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages40

Reading Time1 h 41 min

AccessFree to download

Arithmetical Signs, Continued

Arabic and Roman Numerals

Notation and Numeration Table

Multiplication Table, Continued

THE 'BRITANNIA'TABLEBOOK.. ROBERT PAINE(SCHOOLMASTER.) The 'britannia'Table Book…. Robert Paine(schoolmaster.) Nabu Public Domain Reprints: You are holding a reproduction of an original work published before 1923 that isin the public domain in the United States of America,and possibly othercountries.You may freely copy and distribute this work as no entity (individualor corporate)has a copyright on the body of the work.This book may containprior copyright references,and library stamps(as most of these works werescanned from library copies).These have been scanned and retained as part ofthe historical artifact. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,poor pictures,errant marks,etc.that were either part of the original artifact,orwere introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturallyimportant,and despite the imperfections,have elected to bring it back intoprint as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printedworks worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections inthe preservation process,and hope you enjoy this valuable book. Arithmetical Signs,continued. which means that the sum of 3 and 2 taken from 9is equal to 4.The line is called a Tinculum. A Bracket is similar;as,6-(3+2)=1. A dot before a figure indicates a Decimal Fraction;as,,which isor A small figure placed at the right hand top of anotheris called the Power of that figure;as,32 the Squareor second power of 3=9;28,the Cube or third power"of 2=8;24 the Biquadrate,or fourth power of 2=16. ∵signifies because. ∴signifies therefore. The result of the Addition of a series of numbers iscalled their sum,or amount. The result of the Subtraction of two numbers is calledtheir diference. The result of the Mxltiplication of two or more nanr-bers is called their product.When several numbersare multiplied together the result is called the con-tinued product. The result of the Division of two numbers is calledthe quotient.The top line is called the Dividend;the figures that go into it,the Divisor. £is the initial of the Latin word Libra,and signifiesPounds;s.of Solidus,and signifies Shillings;d.ofDenarius,and signifies Pence. $signifies Dollar8. ARABIC AND ROMAN NUMERALS. Arabic.Roman.Arabic.Arabic.Roman.1895XCVII19100CI20200CC25300CCCVI400CCCC500DVII600DCVIII800DCCCIX900DCCCC1000 MorCI2000MM Roman. XVIII I T2345 XIX XX XXV XXX 30354045505560657075808590 XXXV XL 786 XLV L LV 101l12 LX LXV 135000VorIpo14LXXV6000VI15LXXX10000艾 LXX XIV XV LXXXV50000100000ooo1882.M,DCCC.LXXXII. XVI 1617 XVII XC 购The Romans,in their Notation,used seven letters,as fol-lows;;I(1),V(5),X(10),L(50),C(100)D(500),M(1,000). As often as a letter is repeated,so many times will itsvalue be increased. A letter bearing a less value than the one before whichit is placed,is deducted from the letter;but if placed afterit increases the former by its value. When o is prefixed to a letter its value is increased tentimes.Every Oand o placed before and after another letterincreased it ten times. A line over a letter increased it 1,000 times. NOTATION AND NUMERATION TABLE. To read large numbers,divide the figures from the righthand to the left,into periods of three figures each. The first three are units,tens,hundreds;the next threeare thousands,tens of thousands,hundreds of thousands;thenext three are millions,tens of millions,hundreds of millionsand so on. Notation is the art of expressing in figures what isalready given in words. Numeration is the art of expressing in words whatis already given in figures. This method of expressing numbers by the symbols 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,and their combinations wasintroduced into Europe by the Arabs,and hence it isoften spoken of as the Arabic Notation. The Arabs obtained it from the Hindoos. This is now the common notation throughout thewhole of Burope. MULTIPLICATION TABLE

FAQs

What do the symbols ∵ and ∴ mean in the book?

∵ signifies “because”, and ∴ signifies “therefore.”

How are large numbers read using the notation method described?

Divide figures from the right to the left into periods of three figures, naming units/tens/hundreds, then thousands/tens of thousands/hundreds of thousands, and so on for millions and beyond.

What rules govern Roman numeral notation in the text?

Seven letters are used (I, V, X, L, C, D, M). Repetition increases value; a smaller value before a larger one is deducted, while placed after it increases the former by its value.

Sep 29, 2026

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