The Application of Process Approach in Enhancing Paragraph Writing Skills of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang

Oct 15, 2026

Enhancing paragraph writing skill of students addresses persistent writing issues through a focused research on Indonesian senior high school learners. The study aims to examine improvement in paragraph writing skills and to determine whether a significant difference exists between students taught via Individual Process Approach and those taught via Collaborative Process Approach. A quantitative design with pre-test and post-test was administered to 64 second-year students of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang using SPSS analysis. Results show improved paragraph writing skills and significant differences between both approaches.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryExam

FormatPDF

Pages33

Reading Time1 h 23 min

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Abstract

Background of the Study

Research Questions

Related Literature & Studies

The Complexity of Writing

Acuity (4)2 94-127 The Application of Process Approach in Enhancing Paragraph Writing Skills of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang Debby Annella Situngkir [situngkirdebby@gmail.com](situngkirdebby@gmail.com) English Language School, Pekan Baru Abstract Enhancing paragraph writing skill of students addresses the issues of writing. To see the paragraph writing skill enhancement of students and finding out the significant difference in paragraph writing skill enhancement between students acquired Individual Process Approach and students acquired Collaborative Process Approach are the aims of this research. To get the aims of this research used quantitative research. Also, researcher conducted paragraph writing pre-test and post-test, as an instrument, to 64 second year students of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang. Then researcher analyzed students’ pre-test and post-test achievement by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) . The results are paragraph writing skills of students enhanced and there is significant difference in paragraph writingskill enhancement between students acquired Individual Process Approach and students acquired Collaborative Process Approach. It implies that Process Approach enhance paragraph writing skill of students. Keywords: Individual Process Approach, Collaborative Process Approach, Paragraph Writing Enhancement Background of the Study Indonesian senior high school students are expected to be able both to share information and instruction in writing and to master paragraph writing in English (Mukti, 2016) . However, Indonesian students often experience problems when learning English (Katemba, 2019), In the case of Indonesians, there is a high level of acceptability and tolerance of the use of English. The teaching of English in the school curriculum is given a higher priority over all other foreign languages in the school systems (Katemba, 2013) but, in mastering English writing skill, students encounter problems since English is their foreign language. Thereby, issues in writing need serious attention (Jurianto, Salimah, & Kwary, 2015) for high school students to materialize what they are expected to. There are various issues in English writing that students face. It includes development and organization (Huang, 2005; Writing Center, 2014), lack of ideas (Alwasilah, 2001; Fatemi, 2008), grammar intuition, missing punctuation, and capitalization (Cohen & Cavalcanti, 1990; Suyanto, 2015) . With these issues, students need to take more time and effort in writing especially being learners of English as a foreign language (Nunan, 1999) . (4)2 94-127 To address the issues of writing involves necessary steps to be taken into account. It requires paying particular attention to the paragraph and its components such as topic sentence, supporting details, and conclusion—to develop idea (Gillet, 2017) . The above necessities require teaching approach in paragraph writing to enhance students’ writing skills. In enhancing students’ writing skills, researchers (Abd & Ibian, 2014; Bayat, 2014; Pujianto, 2013) used Process Approach (PA) in teaching paragraph writing. It has different stages such as prewriting, drafting, editing, revising, and publishing (Johnson, 2008; Karatay, 2011; Simpson, 2013) which cover the writing issues. Further, above studies emphasized that PA had positively affected students’writing skill. An example to this is the developing of writing skills like report texts (Pujianto, 2013) . Therefore, it was recommended to place more emphasis on teaching writing as a process of organizing or developing the writing idea and not only a product (Alodwan & Ibnian, 2014) for it had contributions to writing success (Bayat, 2014) . PA seems to have significance to paragraph writing (PW) . Given the above discussion on the importance of PA to PW, the researcher applied PA to her research to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) sophomore students in Indonesia specifically at the Sekolah Men

FAQs

What is the main goal of this research?

The research investigates how Process Approach improves students’ paragraph writing skills and whether there is a significant difference between Individual and Collaborative Process Approach.

What research method and participants were used?

A quantitative method was used with paragraph writing pre-test and post-test for 64 second-year students of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang.

What did the results show about the two approaches?

Students’ paragraph writing skills enhanced after instruction, and there is a significant difference in enhancement between the Individual Process Approach class and the Collaborative Process Approach class.

Oct 15, 2026

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