Study on Market Trends in healthcare and social housing and EU State aid implications - Final report

Sep 15, 2026

The study provides the European Commission with factual data on how the 2012 Service of General Economic Interest (SGEI) Package interacts with developments in the healthcare and social housing sectors across 10 Member States: France, Ireland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Sweden, and the Netherlands. It covers post-2012 market and sector trends, competition evolution, Member States’ awareness of potential State aid implications, and an assessment of effectiveness, efficiency, relevance and EU added value up to 2020, with counterfactual context.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages369

Reading Time15 h 30 min

AccessFree to download

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

RÉSUMÉ

KURZFASSUNG

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

Purpose and structure of the report

The objectives and scope of the study

Methodological tools

Key challenges and mitigation strategies

SECTION 2: CONTEXT RELATING TO THE SGEI PACKAGE AND OVERVIEW OF MARKET TRENDS AND OF THE EVOLUTION OF COMPETITION SINCE 2012

The SGEI Package and key changes

Overview of Market Trends since 2012 (Task 1)

How has competition on the market evolved since 2012 (Task 2)

SECTION 3: RESPONSE TO EVALUATION QUESTIONS: EFFECTIVENESS

Q1. Updated State aid rules and facilitation of health and social SGEIs

Q1a. Clarification and simplification of new State aid rules

Q1b. Influence of Member States’ awareness on application

Q1c. Divergences in Member State sectors and differences in SGEI concepts

Q1d. Factors enabling or hindering provision of health and social SGEIs

Study on Market Trends in healthcare and social housing and EU State aid implications Final Report Prepared by Competition EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Competition E-mail:comp-publications@ec.europa.eu European Commission B-1049 Brussels Study on Market Trends in healthcare and social housing and EU State aid implications Final report Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*)The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) . LEGAL NOTICE The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet ([http://www.europa.eu](http://www.europa.eu)) . Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 Catalogue number: KD-06-21-047-EN-N ISBN: 978-92-76-41058-4 DOI: 10. 2763/947274 © European Union, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reproduction of the artistic material contained therein is prohibited. Authors: | | • Jessica Chamba
• Emilie Balbirnie
• Timothé Peroz
• Soumia Benaich | | --- | --- | Abstract The‘Study on Market Trends in health and social housing and EU State aid implications’aims to provide the Commission with factual data regarding the interplay between the 2012 Service of General Economic Interest (SGEI) Package and the evolution of the healthcare and social housing sectors in 10 Member States: France, Ireland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Sweden, the Netherlands. The Study provides: an overview of sector and market trends since 2012 (Task 1); an analysis of how competition on the market has evolved since 2012 (Task 2); an analysis of the extent to which Member States are aware of possible State aid implications of policy and market trends (Task 3); and an assessment of the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance and EU added value of the SGEI Package in so far as healthcare and social housing are concerned. The Study is ‘backward-looking’, focusing on the period following the entry into force of the 2012 SGEI Package until 2020, although the period prior to 2012 was also considered to undertake a counterfactual analysis. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................... 5 RÉSUMÉ..................................................................................................................................... 11 KURZFASSUNG .................................................................................................................... 18 1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 25 1.1 Purpose and structure of the report .......................................................................... 25 1.2 The objectives and scope of the study...................................................................... 25 1.3 Methodological tools .......................................................................................................... 28 1.4 Key challenges and mitigation strategies ............................................................... 35 2 SECTION 2: CONTEXT RELATING TO THE SGEI PACKAGE AND OVERVIEW OF MARKET TRENDS AND OF THE EVOLUTION OF COMPETITION SINCE 2012 .......................................

FAQs

What time period does the study mainly analyze for the SGEI Package?

The study is mainly backward-looking, focusing on the period after the entry into force of the 2012 SGEI Package until 2020, while also considering the pre-2012 period for counterfactual analysis.

Which Member States are included in the analysis?

The study covers 10 Member States: France, Ireland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Croatia, Sweden, and the Netherlands.

What evaluation aspects are assessed regarding the 2012 SGEI Package for healthcare and social housing?

It assesses effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and EU added value, alongside analysis of State aid implications and sector/market and competition trends.

Sep 15, 2026

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