Social Contracts for Development - Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa

Jul 19, 2026

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Social Contracts for Development: Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa examines how bargaining processes and social contestation shape inclusion across the region. Authored by Mathieu Cloutier, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, and Michael Watts, the work frames social contracts as a lens for understanding development realities. Published by the Africa Development Forum, it contributes to policy debates by highlighting the challenges and opportunities for more inclusive social and economic outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages125

Reading Time5 h 15 min

Overview

Series purpose and sponsorship

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ub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM Social Contracts for Development Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa Mathieu Cloutier, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, and Michael Watts Social Contracts for Development AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM Social Contracts for Development Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa Mathieu Cloutier, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, and Michael Watts A copublication of the Agence française de développement and the World Bank © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org) Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or the Agence française de développement. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Cloutier, Mathieu, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, and Michael Watts. 2021. Social Contracts for Development: Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Development Forum. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1662-8 . License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Ban

FAQs

What is the main focus of Social Contracts for Development?

The report focuses on how bargaining and contention influence social inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Who are the authors?

The authors are Mathieu Cloutier, Bernard Harborne, Deborah Isser, Indhira Santos, and Michael Watts.

What is the Africa Development Forum series intended to do?

The series aims to document up-to-date research on major issues for Sub-Saharan Africa and to inform ongoing local, regional, and global policy debates.

Jul 19, 2026

Upload by Eden