Shipping Study - The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Nonindigenous Aquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States (other than the Great Lakes) and an Analysis of Control Options

Sep 4, 2026

Uploaded by Jiven

This study investigated the extent to which shipping contributes to the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic species into U.S. coastal waters outside the Great Lakes. It collected data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices, estimating amounts and sources of ballast water released near U.S. waters. Control options for ballast water–mediated invasions were assessed through expert consultations and market capability investigations, followed by recommendations to manage and reduce invasion risk.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages372

Reading Time15 h 37 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Key issues and scope

Data sources and assessment methods

Control options and recommendations

SHIPPING STUDY 'The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of NonindigenousAquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States(other than in the Great Lakes)and an Analysis of ControlOptions. N O TICE This document is disseminated underthe sponsorshipofthe Department of Transportation inthe interest of infor-mation exchange.The United States Government as-sumes no liability for its contents or use th.ereof. The United States Government does not endorse prod-ucts or manufacturers.Trade or manufacturers'namesappear herein solely because they are considered essen-tial to the object of this report. This report was directed and sponsored by the CoastGuard Research and Development Center.This reportdoes not constitute astandard,specificationorregulation. SAMUELF.POWEL,IIITechnical Director United States Coast GuardResearch&Development Center1082 Shennecossett RoadGroton,CT 06340-6096 Technical Report Documentation Page | I.ReportNo.
CG-D-XX-92 | 2.Government Accession No. | | | 3.Recipient's Catalog No. | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4.Title and Subtitle
SHIPPING STUDY-The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Non-
indigenous Aquatic Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United
States (other than the Great Lakes)and an Analysis of Control Options | | | | 5.Report Date | | | | | | | 6.Performing Organization Code | | | | | | | 8.Performing Organization Report No.
R&DC 17/92 | | | 7.Author(s)
James T.Carlton,Donald M.Reid,Henry van Leeuwen | | | | | | | 9.Pertorming Organization Name and Address
Maritime Studies Program
Williams College-Mystic Seaport
75 Greenmanville Avenue
Mystic,CT 06355 | | | | 10.Work Unit No.(TRAIS) | | | | | | | 11.Contract or Grant No.
DTCG-91-F-HMR337-1 | | | | | | | 13.Type of Report and Period Covered
Final Report | | | 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
U.S.Coast Guard
Department of Transportation
U.S.Coast Guard
Research and Development Center
1082 Shennecossett Road
Office of Engineering,Logistics,
Groton,Connecticut 06340-6096 and Development
Washinaton.D.C. 20593-0001 | | | | | | | | | | | 14.Sponsoring Agency Code | | | 15.Supplementary Notes
This report was mandated by U.S.Public Law 101-646(29 November 1990). | | | | | | | 16.Abstract
This study investigated the extent to which shipping contributes to the introducton of nonindigenous
species into U.S.waters;potential options for controlling such introductions:and the issue of
whether this problem is of regional or national concern.Data on shipping traffic patterns and
ballast water management practices were collected,and estimates were made of the amount and
sources of ballast water released in or near U.S.waters.The feasibilities of various options for
controlling ballast water-mediated invasions were examined via consultations with experts in
various fields and investigation into capabilities of products on the market.Recommendations
include potential strategies for managing/reducing the risk of nonindigenous species invasions. | | | | | | | 17.Key Words
shipping study
ballast water
zebra mussel
exotic species
ballast sediments
nonindigenous
ballast water exchange
invasions
ballast water control | | 18.Distribution Statement
Document is available to the U.S.public through
the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield,Virginia 22161
(703)987-4600 | | | | | 9.Security Classif.(of this report)
20.SECURITY CLASSIF.(of this page)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED | | | 21.No.of Pages | | 22.Price | Form DOT F 1700.7(8/72) Reproduction of form and completed page is authorized METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS | | & | | | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | 21
品

FAQs

What is the main focus of the shipping study?

The study examines how shipping contributes to the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic organisms into U.S. coastal waters outside the Great Lakes, and evaluates control options.

What data and information were collected for the analysis?

It collected data on shipping traffic patterns and ballast water management practices, then estimated the amount and sources of ballast water released in or near U.S. waters.

How were control options evaluated?

Various options for controlling ballast water–mediated invasions were examined through consultations with experts across relevant fields and by investigating capabilities of products available on the market.

Sep 4, 2026

Uploaded by Jiven