Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States

Sep 23, 2026

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Harmful alcohol use drives liver diseases, liver cancer, and extrahepatic neoplasms, while alcohol consumption patterns have shifted across decades. This study evaluates trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States from 2000 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 framework, assessing incidence, prevalence, and mortality. From 2000 to 2021, ALD metrics increased, with disproportionate rises in female age-standardized incidence and death rates. Alcohol-attributable cancer mortality also increased, led by primary liver and pharyngeal cancers.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Study Highlights

Burden trends (2000–2021)

Background/Aims and Methods

Results (ALD and cancers)

Conclusions

Keywords

pISSN 2287-2728 eISSN 2287-285X Original Article [https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0169](https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0169)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2025.0169)Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2025;31:1058-1070 Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States Pojsakorn Danpanichkul1,*, Yanfang Pang2,3,4,5,*, Tanuj Mahendru6, Primrose Tothanarungroj7, Luis Antonio Díaz8,9,10, Juan Pablo Arab11, Pimtawan Jatupornpakdee7, Mark D. Muthiah12, Kwanjit Duangsonk5, Won-Mook Choi13, Daniel Q. Huang12, Donghee Kim14 , Mazen Noureddin15, Karn Wijarnpreecha16,17,18, Suthat Liangpunsakul19,20,21, Amit G. Singal22,†, and Ju Dong Yang23,† 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; 2Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities; 3National Immunological Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicines; 4Center for Medical Laboratory Science, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China; 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 6Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA; 7Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 8Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; 9Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales (OMEGA), Santiago, Chile; 10MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA; 11Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; 12Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; 13Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 14 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; 15Houston Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX; 16Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine; 17Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center; 18BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ; 19Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; 20Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine; 21Roudebush Veterans’ Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; 22Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; 23Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA Graphical Abstract Copyright © 2025 by Korean Association for the Study of the Liver This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, et al. Trends in ALD and alcohol-attributable cancers Study Highlights • The burden of ALD and alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States has markedly increased from 2000 to 2021. Females experienced a disproportionately rising ALD mortality rate, while primary liver cancer and pharyngeal cancers emerged as the fastest-growing alcohol-attributable malignancies. Background/Aims: Harmful alcohol use

FAQs

What is the main focus of the study?

The study examines sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and differences across subtypes of alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States from 2000 to 2021.

How were trends analyzed from 2000 to 2021?

Trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality were analyzed using the methodological framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

What did the study find about ALD trends and sex differences?

ALD incidence, prevalence, and mortality increased from 2000 to 2021, and age-standardized incidence and death rates rose disproportionately among females compared with males.

Which alcohol-attributable cancers contributed most to deaths in 2021?

In 2021, primary liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer accounted for the largest share of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths.

Sep 23, 2026

Uploaded by Đào