Rosiglitazone has a null association with the risk of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetes patients

Sep 24, 2026

Investigating prostate cancer risk among type 2 diabetes patients in Taiwan, the study compares ever users versus never users of rosiglitazone using nationwide National Health Insurance data. Matched propensity-score cohorts of 11,495 participants per group were followed from 2006–2011 for incident prostate cancer. Hazard ratios were estimated via Cox proportional hazards models incorporating inverse probability of treatment weighting. Incidence and sensitivity analyses consistently indicate a null association between rosiglitazone exposure and prostate cancer risk, with no meaningful effect observed.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages8

Reading Time20 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Study background and epidemiology

Diabetes and cancer risk

Role of PPARγ and rosiglitazone

TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 25 July 2023 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185053 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY Qiang Huo, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, China REVIEWED BY Prasanna K. Santhekadur, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, India Mayur Sarangdhar, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, United States *CORRESPONDENCE Chin-Hsiao Tseng ccktsh@ms6 . hinet. net RECEIVED 13 March 2023 ACCEPTED 10 July 2023 PUBLISHED 25 July 2023 CITATION Tseng C-H (2023) Rosiglitazone has a null association with the risk of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetes patients. Front. Endocrinol. 14:1185053 . doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185053 COPYRIGHT © 2023 Tseng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Rosiglitazone has a null association with the risk of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetes patients Chin-Hsiao Tseng1,2,3* 1 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 3 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan Background: This study investigated the risk of prostate cancer in ever users and never users of rosiglitazone in diabetes patients in Taiwan. Methods: The nationwide database of the National Health Insurance was used to enroll male patients who had a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus at an age ≥ 25 years from 1999 to 2005 . A total of 11,495 ever users and 11,495 never users of rosiglitazone matched on propensity score were selected and they were followed up for the incidence of prostate cancer from January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2011 . Cox proportional hazard model incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score was used to estimate hazard ratios. Results: At the end of follow-up, incident cases of prostate cancer were found in 84 never users and 90 ever users of rosiglitazone. The calculated incidence was 173.20 per 100,000 person-years in never users and was 187.59 per 100,000 person-years in ever users. The overall hazard ratio (95% conﬁdence intervals) forever versus never users was 1 . 089 (0 .808-1.466) . The hazard ratios were 0 .999 (0 .643-1. 552) for the ﬁrst tertile (< 672 mg), 1 . 147 (0 .770-1.709) for the second tertile (672-3584 mg) and 1.116 (0.735-1.695) for the third tertile (> 3584 mg) of cumulative dose. Sensitivity analyses consistently showed a null association between rosiglitazone and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion: Rosiglitazone has a null effect on the risk of prostate cancer. KEYWORDS National Health Insurance, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma, pioglitazone, prostate cancer, rosiglitazone, thiazolidinediones Frontiers in Endocrinology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org) Introduction Prostate cancer is the most common incident cancer in men over the world (1) . It was estimated that there were 1 .4 million cases of incident prostate cancer and 381,000 deaths ascribed to prostate cancer in 2016 (1) . An increase of 40% in prostate cancer cases has been observed within the 10 years following 2006, probably because of the aging and growing population in the world (2) . Incidence rates of prostate cancer are highest among the white people and lowest in the Asian populations, and may vary remarkably by 25-fold in different ethnicities (2) . Although secular trend of prostate cancer shows a declining rate in the western world, the inci

FAQs

What question does the study address about rosiglitazone and prostate cancer?

It evaluates whether ever use of rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients is associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer compared with never use.

How were patients selected and compared?

Male patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between 1999 and 2005 were identified from Taiwan’s nationwide National Health Insurance database, and ever and never users were matched on propensity score.

What did the results show about prostate cancer risk?

Incident prostate cancer cases occurred at similar rates in never users and ever users, and the overall hazard ratio indicated no significant association; sensitivity analyses supported this null relationship.

Sep 24, 2026

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