Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Postoperative Complications Occurring in the ICU Following Canine Mitral Valve Repair Surgery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass - 41 Cases

Sep 30, 2026

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Retrospective observational evaluation of 41 dogs undergoing mitral valve repair with cardiopulmonary bypass between May 2019 and January 2020 assessed postoperative abnormalities and clinically relevant complications in the ICU. All dogs developed abnormalities, including pleural hemorrhage and increased C-reactive protein, with common findings such as anemia, pulmonary dysfunction, acidemia, electrolyte disturbances, and ventricular premature complexes. Clinically relevant complications occurred in 75.6%, led by hyperlactatemia and increased transfusion or pleural hemorrhage. Neurological complications reduced the odds of successful ICU and hospital discharge, while excessive pleural hemorrhage, higher transfusion requirement, and revision surgery reduced survival odds.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages18

Reading Time45 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Background and rationale for mitral valve repair

Role of cardiopulmonary bypass and expected physiological derangements

Need to characterize postoperative ICU complications

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care RETROSPECTIVE STUDY Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Postoperative Complications Occurring in the ICU Following Canine MitralValve Repair Surgery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2019–2020): 41 Cases Christopher C. Ray Thomas D. Greensmith Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK Correspondence: Thomas D. Greensmith ([tgreensmith@rvc.ac.uk](tgreensmith@rvc.ac.uk)) Received: 5 July 2024 Revised: 6 November 2024 Accepted: 9 February 2025 Keywords: cardiac surgery | cardiothoracic critical care ABSTRACT Objective: To describe abnormalities and clinically relevant complications in dogs following mitral valve repair. Secondarily, to assess demographic and intraoperative factors with clinically relevant complications, length ofICU stay, successful ICU discharge, and survival to hospital discharge. Finally, to analyze the relationship of clinically relevant complications with prolonged ICU stay, successful ICU discharge, and survival to hospital discharge. Design: Retrospective observational study, May 2019 to January 2020 . Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Forty-one dogs following mitral valve repair. Measurements and Main Results: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Abnormalities occurred in all dogs. All dogs received red blood cell transfusions, exhibited postoperative pleural hemorrhage, and had increased C-reactive protein concentration. Common abnormalities included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, pulmonary dysfunction, acidemia, hypokalemia, ventricular premature complexes, hypernatremia, and corrected hyperchloremia. Clinically relevant complications occurred in 75.6% of dogs, with the most common being hyperlactatemia, increased red cell transfusion requirement, excessive pleural hemorrhage, IV fluid bolus requirement, postoperative furosemide administration, and severe hypernatremia. Several complications had altered odds for prolonged ICU hospitalization, successful ICU discharge, and survival to hospital discharge; those with appropriately narrow confidence intervals (CIs) included excessive pleural hemorrhage and increased red cell transfusion requirement, both having reduced odds of survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio [OR] 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.58 and OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00–0.42, respectively) . Neurological complications were negatively associated with successful ICU discharge (p = 0.004) and survival to hospital discharge (p = 0.002) . Revision surgery was associated with reduced odds of survival to hospital discharge (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00–0.80) . Conclusions: Postoperative abnormalities are common in dogs undergoing mitral valve repair, with many expected given the nature of surgery performed. Many dogs experienced complications requiring deviation from standard protocol. This study provides the first exploratory analysis of dogs undergoing mitral valve repair at a single center. | Abbreviations: ACVIM, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine; AKI, acute kidney injury; CCT, cross-clamp time; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; IRIS, International Renal Interest Society; MVR, mitral valve repair.
Partial results from this dataset were presented in oral abstract form at the European Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Congress in Porto, Portugal, in June 2023 .
| | --- | | This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
© 2025 The Author(s) . Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society. | Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2025; 35:736–753 736 of 753 [https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.70071](https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.70071) 1 Introduction Myxomatous mitral valve disease is report

FAQs

What was the primary objective of this retrospective study?

To describe abnormalities and clinically relevant complications in dogs after mitral valve repair and to identify relevant demographic and intraoperative factors.

What abnormalities and clinically relevant complications were most common after surgery?

All dogs had abnormalities, including postoperative pleural hemorrhage and increased C-reactive protein. Clinically relevant complications occurred in 75.6% of dogs, most commonly hyperlactatemia, increased red cell transfusion requirement, and excessive pleural hemorrhage.

Which complications were associated with worse ICU or hospital outcomes?

Neurological complications were negatively associated with successful ICU discharge and survival to hospital discharge. Excessive pleural hemorrhage and increased red cell transfusion requirement reduced odds of survival to hospital discharge, and revision surgery was also linked to reduced survival odds.

Sep 30, 2026

Uploaded by McQueen