Retrospective Analysis of Regorafenib Efficiency in Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer—Experience of Two Polish Comprehensive Cancer Centers

Sep 30, 2026

Colorectal cancer ranks third in incidence among malignant tumors in Poland and globally, and metastatic disease remains a major clinical challenge. A retrospective study assessed regorafenib effectiveness in 29 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated at two Polish comprehensive cancer centers between 2021 and 2024. Patients previously received standard therapies including fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab; KRAS/NRAS/BRAF–wild-type tumors also received anti-EGFR agents when appropriate. Median PFS was 2.5 months and OS 5.8 months. Five patients achieved disease stabilization without partial or complete remission. Results aligned with the phase III CORRECT trial, with modest real-world differences, supporting further personalized and sequential strategies incorporating anti-angiogenic drugs.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Retrospective study design and patient eligibility

Treatment history and molecular testing approach

Results: progression-free survival and overall survival

Results: disease stabilization and response assessment

Discussion and comparison with the CORRECT trial

Conclusions and future research directions

Brief Report Retrospective Analysis of Regorafenib Efficiency in Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer—Experience of Two Polish Comprehensive Cancer Centers Magdalena Grabiec 1, *, Dominika Ra´zniewska 2,3, Tadeusz Kałuewski 4, Magdalena Krakowska 1, Barbara Radecka 2,3 and Piotr Potemski 1 Academic Editors: Manuel Diez-Alonso and Jun Kato Received: 16 November 2025 Revised: 10 December 2025 Accepted: 29 December 2025 Published: 1 January 2026 Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-231 Lodz, Poland 2 Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland 3 Department of Clinical Oncology, Tadeusz Koszarowski Cancer Center in Opole, 45-061 Opole, Poland 4 Department of Genetics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland * [Correspondence: mgrabiec@csk.umed.pl](Correspondence: mgrabiec@csk.umed.pl) Abstract Objectives: Colorectal cancer is a major public health concern, ranking third in incidence among all malignant tumors both in Poland and globally. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ineligible for local therapy treated at two Polish comprehensive cancer centers between 2021 and 2024 . Methods: The analysis included 29 patients who had previously received all standard therapies: fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (in a multiagent regimen or sequentially) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF therapy) . In patients with tumors negative for KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations, cetuximab or panitumumab (antiEGFR therapy) were also used. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.5 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 months. Disease stabilization was observed in five patients, with a median duration of 5.6 months, and no partial or complete remission were recorded. Conclusions: Our results were similar to those of the phase III CORRECT trial, which established the clinical utility of regorafenib. Only minor differences in survival outcomes were noted—likely due to real-world variability in patient characteristics and timing of treatment assessments. However, continued investigation of personalized and sequential treatment strategies that contain anti-angiogenic drugs is warranted to optimize outcomes. Keywords: metastatic colorectal cancer; regorafenib; retrospective study; real-word data; survival 1. Introduction Colorectal cancer represents a significant public health problem, ranking third in terms of incidence among malignant neoplasms both in Poland and globally [1,2] . In Poland, 17,700 individuals were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2021 [2] . According to ESMO guidelines, 15–20% of patients present with metastatic disease atthe time of diagnosis, and approximately 20–50% of patients with non-advanced disease will develop metastatic disease during the course of their illness [3] . In advanced disease, standard management is based on multi-drug chemotherapy, either combined with targeted agents or administered without them, as well as immunotherapy [3] . At the time of treatment qualification, therapeutic decisions are made considering the patient’s condition, comorbidities, preferences regarding the mode of treatment administration, and consent to potential adverse effects. Another critical factor influencing treatment strategy is the outcome of molecular testing, which includes the identification of mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes, as well as the assessment of microsatellite instability/mismatch repair status. Recent advancements in personalized medicine have enabled tailoring therapies to the molecular aberrations of tumors [4] . For patients

FAQs

What was the main objective of the retrospective study?

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who were ineligible for local therapy at two Polish comprehensive cancer centers between 2021 and 2024.

What treatments had patients received before regorafenib?

All patients had previously received standard therapies including fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab. For tumors without KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations, anti-EGFR therapy with cetuximab or panitumumab was also used.

What survival outcomes did the study report?

Median progression-free survival was 2.5 months and median overall survival was 5.8 months. Disease stabilization occurred in five patients, with a median stabilization duration of 5.6 months, and no partial or complete remission was recorded.

Sep 30, 2026

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