Retrospective Analysis of Epidemiology of Intracranial and Spinal Tumor in North Western Part of India - 5-Year Observational Study of 1315 Cases

Sep 22, 2026

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Retrospective analysis characterizes histological subtypes, age and gender distribution, and WHO grading patterns of intracranial and spinal tumors in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Over a 5-year period, 1315 CNS and spinal neoplasm cases were reviewed, with intracranial tumors comprising 91.2% and spinal tumors 8.82%. Astrocytoma represented the largest intracranial group, while meningioma dominated both overall CNS tumor subcategories and spinal neoplasms, with sex-specific differences in meningioma prevalence.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

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Pages7

Reading Time18 min

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Introduction

Material and method

Results

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Materials And Methods

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Review began 07/22/2025 Review ended 01/15/2026 Published 01/26/2026 © Copyright 2026 Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.102353 Open Access Original Article Retrospective Analysis of Epidemiology of Intracranial and Spinal Tumor in North Western Part of India: 5-Year Observational Study of 1315 Cases Pravin Kumar 1 , Sweta Sinha 2, Tashbihul Azhar 1, Ephraim Rebba 1, Aishwarya Peshattiwar Bhargav Adari 3, Gaurav Gautam 1, Sneha More 1 , Anbarson Sivamoorthy 1, Jahnaviba Zala 1 1 , 1. Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND 2. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Employee State Insurance Company Hospital, Bihta, Patna, IND 3. Surgery, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND Corresponding author: Pravin Kumar, [pravin.jlnmch@gmail.com](pravin.jlnmch@gmail.com) Abstract Introduction Intracranial tumourstumors arise from the brain or its surrounding tissues. Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are estimated to be approximately 2% of all new cancers. In India, they constitute about 1.9% of all tumors. Extramedullary lesions, most commonly benign meningioma, account for 70 to 80% of spinal cord tumors. The objective of this study is to characterize histological subtypes, age and gender distribution, and WHO grading of intracranial and spinal tumors in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Material and method A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Sawai Man Singh (SMS) hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, a tertiary care hospital, over a period of 5 years. A total of 1315 cases of CNS and spinal neoplasms were diagnosed during this period. Results In this study, a total of 1315 cases of CNS and spinal tumors were found. The majority (1199 cases, 91.2%) of the tumors were intracranial, whereas the remaining 116 (8 .82%) cases were spinal. Among intracranial tumors, astrocytomas accounted for the largest share in our study, comprising 398 cases (30 .27%), mostly seen after the 3rd decade of life, with a mean age of occurrence of 28 .44 years. Glioblastoma multiforme forms the largest subtype, constituting 41.96% of all astrocytoma, mostly seen in the 5th or 6th decade of life. Meningioma constitutes the second major group of tumors involving the CNS. Overall, males outnumbered females, the ratio being 1.66: 1. However, meningioma is an exception, which was found with higher rates in females (ratio 1 : 1.37) . Among the spinal neoplasms, meningioma was the most common type in our study. Conclusion The most common type of intracranial tumor in the present study was astrocytoma, followed by meningioma. The ratio of male: female for CNS tumors was 1.66: 1. However, females outnumbered males in the case of meningioma, with a ratio of 1: 1.37. Meningioma was the most common type of spinal neoplasm. Categories: Oncology Keywords: astrocytoma, cns, intracranial tumor, meningioma, spinal tumor Introduction Brain and surrounding tissue tumors, known as intracranial neoplasms, form a diverse group within central nervous system (CNS) cancers, encompassing both non-cancerous and cancerous types [1] . These CNS growths make up roughly 2% of newly diagnosed cancers worldwide, a figure consistent across European and non-European groups [2-4]. In India, they account for about 1.9% of all tumors, though rates climb higher in wealthier nations. Brain tumor cases show a bimodal age pattern, peaking in childhood and again between ages 45 and 70 [5-6]. Adult CNS tumors often differ from pediatric ones in location and type. Children’s tumors frequently develop in the posterior fossa, while adults see most in the anterior regions. Only inherited genetic conditions and exposure to io

FAQs

What was the study objective and setting?

To characterize histological subtypes, age and gender distribution, and WHO grading of intracranial and spinal tumors in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

How many total cases were analyzed, and what was the intracranial-to-spinal distribution?

A total of 1315 cases were included. Intracranial tumors accounted for 1199 cases (91.2%), while spinal tumors accounted for 116 cases (8.82%).

Which tumor types were most common in intracranial and spinal tumors?

Astrocytoma was the most common intracranial tumor type, followed by meningioma. Meningioma was the most common spinal neoplasm.

Sep 22, 2026

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