Resource Allocation for Millimeter-Wave Train-Ground Communications in High-Speed Railway Scenarios - Abstract and Optimization Method

Sep 15, 2026

Millimeter-wave train-ground communications for high-speed railway scenarios face stringent demands for reliable, high-performance broadband services as full-duplex technology becomes practical. The work models rooftop mobile relays operating in FD mode and formulates a nonlinear optimization to maximize network capacity through spectrum resource allocation. A sequential quadratic programming approach is developed using the Lagrangian structure to jointly optimize bandwidth for track-side base stations and mobile relays. Simulations confirm high capacity gains and robustness against residual self-interference.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Motivation and challenges in HSR train-ground communications

Impacts on handover, Doppler shift, and channel coherence time

Coverage issues and penetration loss due to metallic train body

Resource Allocation for Millimeter-Wave Train-Ground Communications in High-Speed Railway Scenarios Xiangfei Zhang, Yong Niu, Member, IEEE, Shiwen Mao, Fellow, IEEE, Yunlong Cai, Senior Member, IEEE, Ruisi He, Senior Member, IEEE, Bo Ai, Senior Member, IEEE, Zhangdui Zhong, Senior Member, IEEE, and Yiru Liu arXiv :2104 . 13623v 1 [ cs .IT] 28 Apr 2021 Abstract—With the development of wireless communication, higher requirements arise for train-ground wireless communications in high-speed railway (HSR) scenarios. The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band with rich spectrum resources can provide users in HSR scenarios with high performance broadband multimedia services, while the full-duplex (FD) technology has become mature. In this paper, we study train-ground communication system performance in HSR scenarios with mobile relays (MRs) mounted on rooftop of train and operating in the FD mode. We formulate a nonlinear programming problem to maximize network capacity by allocation of spectrum resources. Then, we develop a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm based on the Lagrange function to solve the bandwidth allocation optimization problem for track-side base station (BS) and MRs in this mm-wave train-ground communication system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SQP algorithm can effectively achieve high network capacity for trainground communication in HSR scenarios while being robust to the residual self-interference (SI). Index Terms—Full-duplex communications, sequential quadratic programming, Train-ground communications, high Copyright (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request [to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. This](to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. This) study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFB1806903); in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 61801016, 61725101, 61961130391, and U1834210; in part by the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety (Contract No. RCS2021ZT009), Beijing Jiaotong University; and supported by the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (No. 2021D09); in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China, under grant number I20JB0200030; and supported by Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System; in part by the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, under Grant RCS2019ZZ005; in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2020JBM089 . X. Zhang is with the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety, Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China,(e-mail: [zxfei78@163.com](zxfei78@163.com)). Y. Niu is with the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, and also with the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China (e-mail: [niuy11@163.com](niuy11@163.com)). S. Mao is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5201, USA (e-mail: [smao@ieee.org](smao@ieee.org)). Y. Cai is with the Department of ISEE, Zhejiang University, China (e-mail: [ylcai@zju.edu.cn](ylcai@zju.edu.cn)). R. He, B. Ai, Z. Zhong, and Y. Liu are with the State Key Laboratory of Rail Trafﬁc Control and Safety, Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications, and the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China (e-mails: [ruisi.he@bjtu.edu.cn](ruisi.he@bjtu.edu.cn); [boai@bjtu.edu.cn](boai@bjtu.edu.cn); [zhdzhong@bjtu.edu.cn](zhdzhong@bjtu.edu.cn); [yrliu@bjtu.edu.cn](yrliu@bjtu.edu.c

FAQs

What system scenario does the paper study for train-ground communications?

It studies high-speed railway scenarios where mobile relays are mounted on the rooftop of the train and operate in full-duplex mode.

How is network capacity optimized in the proposed approach?

It formulates a nonlinear programming problem that maximizes network capacity by allocating spectrum resources, then solves the bandwidth allocation using an SQP algorithm based on the Lagrange function.

What performance aspects do the simulation results highlight?

The results show that the SQP method achieves high network capacity for train-ground communications and remains robust to residual self-interference.

Sep 15, 2026

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