Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and remnant cholesterol - the mediating role of insulin resistance and inflammation

Sep 28, 2026

The study investigates whether Helicobacter pylori infection relates to remnant cholesterol (RC) levels and clarifies the mediating mechanisms. Participants undergoing routine health examinations received urea breath tests, blood testing, and anthropometric measurements. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while chronic inflammation was estimated via erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Multiple linear regression identified a significant association between H. pylori infection and RC, supported by mediation analysis implicating TyG and ESR. Longitudinal findings further indicate that persistent infection increases RC.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages8

Reading Time20 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 19 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1684556 OPEN ACCESS EDITED BY George Seghal Kiran, Pondicherry University, India REVIEWED BY Chiara Medaglia, Lab Manager of the Functional Genomics Research Center at the Fondazione Human Technopole, Italy Waleed Samy Dawoud, Tanta University, Egypt *CORRESPONDENCE Jinshun Zhang [zhangjinshun@enzemed.com](zhangjinshun@enzemed.com) RECEIVED 12 August 2025 REVISED 26 November 2025 ACCEPTED 08 December 2025 PUBLISHED 19 December 2025 CITATION Chen Y, Shen L, You N and Zhang J (2025) Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and remnant cholesterol: the mediating role of insulin resistance and inﬂammation. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 15:1684556 . doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1684556 COPYRIGHT © 2025 Chen, Shen, You and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and remnant cholesterol: the mediating role of insulin resistance and inﬂammation Yi Chen 1, Lingyan Shen 1, Ningning You 1 and Jinshun Zhang 2,3,4* 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province afﬁliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China, 2 Home ward, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province afﬁliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China, 3 Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province afﬁliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China, 4Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Taizhou, China Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents a widespread chronic bacterial infection that has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its extra-gastric effects. Remnant cholesterol (RC) is recognized as a non-traditional lipid marker and is a signiﬁcant predictor of residual risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This investigation aimed to analyze the correlation between H. pylori infection and RC levels, as well as to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The study population comprised individuals undergoing routine health examinations at the health examination center of Taizhou Hospital. All participants were subjected to urea breath tests, blood tests, and anthropometric measurements. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was utilized to assess insulin resistance (IR) levels, while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was utilized as an indicator of chronic inﬂammation levels within the population. To assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and RC, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out, also investigating the mediating roles of the TyG index and ESR. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a signiﬁcant association between H. pylori infection and RC levels, with this relationship being stable across diverse populations. Mediation analysis further revealed that the TyG index and ESR signiﬁcantly mediate the relationship between H. pylori and RC levels. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that persistent H. pylori infection results in a marked increase in RC levels. Conclusion: Our research identiﬁed an association between H. pylori infection and elevated RC levels, with IR and inﬂammation acting as mediating factors in this relationship. KEYWORDS Helicobacter pylori, inﬂammation, insulin resistance, mediation analysis, remnant cholesterol Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org) Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, Gramnegative

FAQs

What was the main aim of the study regarding Helicobacter pylori and remnant cholesterol?

To analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and remnant cholesterol (RC) levels and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

How were insulin resistance and chronic inflammation measured?

Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and chronic inflammation was evaluated using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

What statistical analyses were used to test the relationship and mediation effects?

Multiple linear regression tested the association between H. pylori infection and RC levels, and mediation analysis examined whether TyG and ESR mediated this relationship.

Sep 28, 2026

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