Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type

Sep 24, 2026

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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by distinct molecular subtypes, with rapid metastasis and recurrence making it a major cause of mortality. Precision medicine targets suitable biomarkers to reduce off-target toxicities and maximize patient benefit, enabling more effective treatment and prevention. The review highlights key druggable mutations, advances in omics technologies, and next-generation sequencing. It surveys targeted strategies for metastatic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, including ICIs, EGFR inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, ADCs, oncolytic viruses, GLUT1 inhibition, and pathway-targeting approaches.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages30

Reading Time1 h 16 min

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Introduction

Precision medicine approach and biomarkers

ESCAT and molecular target prioritization

Targeted precision therapies in breast cancer and TNBC

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and ADCs

Oncolytic viruses, GLUT1 inhibition, and signaling pathway targeting

Application to metastatic breast cancer and TNBC

cancers Review Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type Md Abdus Subhan 1, *, Farzana Parveen 2,3, Hassan Shah 2,4, Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty 4, Jana½na Artem Ataide 4,5 and Valdimir P. Torchilin 4,6, * Citation: Subhan, M.A.; Parveen, F.; Shah, H.; Yalamarty, S.S.K.; Ataide, J.A.; Torchilin, V.P. Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type. Cancers 2023, 15, 2204. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cancers15082204](10.3390/cancers15082204) Academic Editors: Matteo Lambertini, Pierfrancesco Franco and Icro Meattini Received: 28 February 2023 Revised: 4 April 2023 Accepted: 5 April 2023 Published: 8 April 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) . 1 Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan 3 Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital Jhang 35200, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan 4 CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil 6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA * Correspondence: [subhan-che@sust.edu](subhan-che@sust.edu) (M.A.S.); [v.torchilin@northeastern.edu](v.torchilin@northeastern.edu) (V.P.T.) Simple Summary: The progress of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised huge expectations for precision-medicine therapy approaches in breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Targeted therapy strategies such as ICIs, EGFRi, PARPi, ADCs, CD44i, OVs, and GLUT1i are innovative therapy options for BC and TNBC. Targeting signaling pathways may also represent a prospective approach for breast cancer therapy. Combination therapy strategies can potentially enhance the precision-medicine treatment of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC patients. Abstract: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in woman due to rapid metastasis and disease recurrence. Precision medicine remains an essential source to lower the off-target toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents and maximize the patient beneﬁts. This is a crucial approach for a more effective treatment and prevention of disease. Precision-medicine methods are based on the selection of suitable biomarkers to envision the effectiveness of targeted therapy in a speciﬁc group of patients. Several druggable mutations have been identiﬁed in breast cancer patients. Current improvements in omics technologies have focused on more precise strategies for precision therapy. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised hopes for precision-medicine treatment strategies in breast cancer (BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) . Targeted therapies utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), glucose transporter-1 inhibitor (GLUT1i), and targeting signaling pathways are potential treatment approaches for BC and TNBC. This review emphasizes the recent progress made with the precision-medicine therapy of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC. Keywords: breast cancer; precision medicine; targeted therapy; met

FAQs

What is the purpose of precision medicine in breast cancer?

Precision medicine selects suitable biomarkers to guide targeted therapy for specific patient groups, aiming to improve effectiveness while lowering off-target toxicities.

Which targeted therapy options are emphasized for breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer?

The review emphasizes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi), PARP inhibitors (PARPi), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), GLUT1 inhibitors (GLUT1i), and therapies targeting signaling pathways.

How do omics and next-generation sequencing contribute to precision therapy?

Advances in omics technologies and next-generation sequencing enable more precise strategies by identifying druggable mutations and supporting biomarker-based treatment selection for breast cancer and TNBC.

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Aria