Question 1

What is the core idea behind realist review for complex policy interventions?

Accepted Answer

Realist review explains outcomes by identifying mechanisms (M) and the contexts (C) in which they operate, forming CMO configurations. It reframes “what works” into “what is it about this program that works for whom in what circumstances.”

Question 2

How can realist review be used in research synthesis, including retrospective use?

Accepted Answer

The paper describes operating the explanatory formula retrospectively in research synthesis, using realist logic to derive explanations from existing evidence. It is applied both prospectively and concurrently in evaluations as a basis for testing hypotheses.

Question 3

Why does realist review suit complex interventions, and how does it handle evidence types?

Accepted Answer

Realist review is especially appropriate for complex interventions because it tracks program theories and how active stakeholder reasoning contributes to effects. It does not privilege either quantitative or qualitative methods and supports combining multiple methods to investigate both processes and impacts.