Rare sugar D-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jul 10, 2026

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are presented as major global mortality risk factors driven by the linked progression from excess weight gain and hyperglycemia to T2DM, typically beginning with obesity and often fueled by high sugar and high-fat dietary intake. Low-calorie diets and weight maintenance are positioned as preventive or manageable strategies, while common medications may carry drawbacks such as weight gain and dyslipidemia. D-allulose, a zero-calorie functional sweetener, is reviewed for anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic actions, including absorption, transporter-mediated intestinal exchange, and both short- and long-term benefits supported by animal studies and human trials, including improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages45

Reading Time1 h 53 min

Introduction

Absorption, metabolism, and organ distribution of D-allulose

Effect of D-allulose on obesity and T2DM

􀀀􀀂􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀆 􀀇􀀈􀀉􀀊􀀋􀀂􀀌􀀍􀀄􀀅 Rare sugar D-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus Akram Hossain, Fuminori Yamaguchi, Tatsuhiro Matsuo, Ikuko Tsukamoto, Yukiyasu Toyoda, Masahiro Ogawa, Yasuo Nagata, Masaaki Tokuda PII: S0163-7258(15)00162-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.004 Reference: JPT 6808 To appear in: Pharmacology and Therapeutics Please cite this article as: Hossain, A., Yamaguchi, F., Matsuo, T., Tsukamoto, I. , Toyoda, Y., Ogawa, M., Nagata, Y. & Tokuda, M., Rare sugar D-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.004 This is a PDF ﬁle of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its ﬁnal form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could aﬀect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT P&T \#22640 Rare sugar D-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus Akram Hossaina,, Fuminori Yamaguchia, Tatsuhiro Matsuob, Ikuko Tsukamotoc, Yukiyasu Toyodad, Masahiro Ogawae, Yasuo Nagataf, Masaaki Tokudaa,* a Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan b Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan c Department of Pharmacobioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan d Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya Aichi, Japan e Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 76100795, Japan f Department of Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Siebold, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo-cho, Nishisonogi-gun, Nagasaki 859-2195, Japan *Corresponding author: Masaaki Tokuda, Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. Tel.:+81-87-891-2195; Fax: +81-87-891-2096. E-mail address: [tokuda@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp](tokuda@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp) (M. Tokuda) ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Keywords: Rare sugar, D-allulose, pharmacokinetics, insulin resistance, adiposity, β-cell preservation, therapeutic monitoring, functional food Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; OLETF, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; GLUT5, glucose transporter 5; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; GRAS, Generally Recognized as Safe; FDA, food and drug administration; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; GK, glucokinase; GKRP, glucokinase regulatory protein; 􀁅-cell, beta-cell; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1􀁅 , interleukin-1 beta; TNF􀁄, tumour necrosis factor-alpha; SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index; CHE, cholinesterase; LDH, lactatedehydrogenase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; 􀁊-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; 􀁄-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF-􀁄􀀏 tumour necrosis factor-􀁄􀀞 MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; SR-B1, scavenger receptor class B type 1; MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; TG, triglyceride; HFCS, high fructose corn syrup; NAS, non-caloric artificial sweeteners; WHO, World Health Organization ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabete

FAQs

What problem does the document focus on regarding obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

It focuses on the global mortality risk posed by obesity and T2DM and how weight gain and hyperglycemia progress toward T2DM.

Why is D-allulose discussed as a candidate functional sweetener?

D-allulose is described as a zero-calorie functional sweetener with reported anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects.

What evidence is provided about D-allulose’s effects on metabolism and glucose control?

Animal studies are cited for absorption into blood and urinary elimination, along with intestinal transport involving GLUT5 and GLUT2. Human trials are also cited for attenuation of postprandial glucose and benefits related to insulin resistance and glucose tolerance.

Jul 10, 2026

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