RAI3 expression is not associated with clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Q: What was the purpose of evaluating RAI3 in non-small cell lung cancer?

To examine whether RAI3 expression is associated with clinical outcomes and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancers.

Q: Did RAI3 expression correlate with patient survival or clinicopathological features?

No. RAI3 staining was not associated with clinicopathological features or with survival of patients.

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Kyle

Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3) has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker across multiple cancers. This retrospective study assessed RAI3 protein expression by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray sections from 600+ surgically resected non-small cell lung cancers. Membranous staining was strong in benign lung but detected in only 14.7% of interpretable tumors. In NSCLC subtypes, RAI3 intensity was lower in large cell and squamous cell carcinomas versus lung adenocarcinomas, without links to pathology or survival, indicating it cannot serve as a prognostic marker.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages7

Reading Time18 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

Background on NSCLC prognosis variability

Role of RAI3/GPRC5A

Prior studies across cancers

Rationale for current TMA-based analysis

Patients and methods

Patient cohort and TMA construction

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology (2023) 149:6549–6555 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-04631-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-04631-3) RAI3 expression is not associated with clinical outcomes of patients with non‑small cell lung cancer Nathaniel Melling1 · Matthias Reeh1 · Tarik Ghadban1 · Michael Tachezy1 · André Hajek2 · Jakob Robert Izbicki1 · Katharina Grupp1,3 Received: 19 January 2023 / Accepted: 1 February 2023 / Published online: 13 February 2023 © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Purpose Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested as prognostic biomarker in several cancer types. The present study aimed to examine the role of RAI3 expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) . Methods RAI3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) sections from a retrospective cohort of more than 600 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features and follow-up data. Results While membranous RAI3 immunostaining was always strong in benign lung, strong RAI3 staining was only detectable in 14.7% of 530 interpretable NSCLCs. Within NSCLC subtypes, immunostaining intensity for RAI3 was significantly decreased in large cell lung cancers (LCLCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs) relative to lung adenocarcinomas (LUACs) (P < 0.0001 each). However, RAI3 staining was neither associated with pathological features of NSCLCs nor with survival of patients (P = 0.6915) . Conclusion Our study shows that RAI3 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients and cannot be considered as prognostic marker in lung cancer patients. Keywords RAI3 · Lung adenocarcinoma · Squamous cell lung carcinoma · Large cell lung carcinoma · Immunohistochemistry · Non-small cell lung cancer Abbreviations NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer RAI3 Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 LCLCs Large cell lung cancers SQCCs Squamous cell carcinomas LUACs Lung adenocarcinomas GPRC5A G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 type A TMA Tissue microarray * Katharina Grupp [k.grupp@uke.de](k.grupp@uke.de)[ ](k.grupp@uke.de)Nathaniel Melling [N.melling@uke.de](N.melling@uke.de)[ ](N.melling@uke.de)Matthias Reeh [M.reeh@uke.de](M.reeh@uke.de) Tarik Ghadban [T.ghadban@uke.de](T.ghadban@uke.de)[ ](T.ghadban@uke.de)Michael Tachezy [M.tachezy@uke.de](M.tachezy@uke.de)[ ](M.tachezy@uke.de)André Hajek[a.hajek@uke.de](a.hajek@uke.de) Jakob Robert Izbicki [izbicki@uke.de](izbicki@uke.de) 1 General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 2 Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany 3 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneity disease and to date, specific clinical factors and tumor stage are established as prognostic markers. Nevertheless, prognosis within stage may vary significantly. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers reflecting the early diagnosis and exact assessment of individual patient prognosis and thus enable better decision-making in the individual treatment of NSCLC patients are desperately needed. The retinoic-acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3), also known as G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 type A (GPRC5A) consists of extracellular ligand-binding- , transmembrane, and internal C-terminal domain (Li et al. 2005) . The intracellular C-terminus interacts with G-proteins that bind guanidine-nucleotides and can activate downstream effectors such as adenyl cyclases, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases and ion channels when an agonist binds to the extracellular portion of the receptor (McCudden et al. 2005) . GPCRs activate numerous signal transduction cascades and thus play pi

FAQs

What was the purpose of evaluating RAI3 in non-small cell lung cancer?

To examine whether RAI3 expression is associated with clinical outcomes and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancers.

How was RAI3 expression measured in the study?

RAI3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray (TMA) sections from a retrospective cohort of surgically resected NSCLCs.

Did RAI3 expression correlate with patient survival or clinicopathological features?

No. RAI3 staining was not associated with clinicopathological features or with survival of patients.

Sep 24, 2026

Uploaded by Kyle