PV-Integrated Auxiliary Power Module Using Hybrid Multi-Input Multi-Output DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications

Aug 25, 2026

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Hybrid multi-input multi-output DC-DC conversion is proposed to integrate a photovoltaic (PV) unit with an auxiliary power module (APM) for electric vehicle use. The module supports simultaneous supply of low-voltage/power internal loads and active participation in the EV battery management system (BMS). Three operation modes—charging, discharging, and idle—provide multiple outputs isolated from the EV high-voltage battery, maintaining safe operation across auxiliary and EV battery power-flow directions. The approach includes pole-placement design using large- and small-signal dynamic models, verified by simulation and experiments, with controllability assessment and stability-margin guaranteed feedback design.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryTechnology

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Pages12

Reading Time30 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Related APM and converter approaches

Wireless power transfer and multi-port integration

This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. This is the author's version which has not been fully edited and content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10. 1109/TTE.2026.3687401 1 IEEE Transaction on Transportation Electrification PV-Integrated Auxiliary Power Module Using Hybrid Multi-Input Multi-Output DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications Majid Mehrasa, Senior Member, IEEE, Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi. Member, IEEE, and Chunting Chris Mi., Fellow, IEEE Abstract—This paper proposes a hybrid multi-input multioutput DC-DC converter for integrating Photovoltaic (PV) unit and auxiliary power module (APM) to simultaneously supply low voltage/power loads inside electric vehicle (EV) as well as actively participate in EV battery management system (BMS). Defining three operation modes including charging, discharging and idle, the proposed converter guarantees multiple outputs isolated from EV-high voltage battery (EV-HVB) with significant safe operation regardless of the power flow direction between the auxiliary battery and EV battery cell. Compared to the existing APMs, the proposed PV-integrated APM provides much wider voltage ranges for internal loads based on low voltage auxiliary battery (LVAB) with a smaller voltage rate and size. Using pole placement method (PPM) as well as comprehensive large-signal and small-signal dynamic models, two closed-loop control systems are presented to enable the desirable current flow and regulated output voltages. To this end, the controllability of the proposed system is extensively assessed, and the effective state feedback gains are designed associated with the closed-loop system eigenvalues with the adjusted and sufficient stability margin. Both simulation and experimental results are employed to verify the noticeable contribution of proposed system along with the designed control technique to APM and BMS in EV applications. Index Terms— Auxiliary power module, battery management system, PV integration, hybrid DC-DC converter, electric vehicle, high voltage battery cell. I. INTRODUCTION Avery well-designed APM system is considered as a significant advantage of EVs for reaching the functional features such as high efficiency, safety and reliability, integration capability, compact design, modularity and scalability. In this regard, researchers and industries have attempted to design appropriate APM systems through meeting the features mentioned above. To this end, some works focused on interfaced-power electronic converters (PECs) between EV-HVB and LVAB [1], by designing active filter auxiliary power module [2], all-in-one magnetic integrated structure of phase-shift full-bridge current doubler converter (PSFB-CDC) [3], and high-frequency high power ([Corresponding author: mmehrasa@uno.edu](Corresponding author: mmehrasa@uno.edu)). Majid Mehrasa is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Orleans (UNO), 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA ([e-mail: mmehrasa@uno.edu](e-mail: mmehrasa@uno.edu)). Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi and Chunting Chris Mi are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University (SDSU), San Diego, CA 92182 USA (e-mail: [nvosoughikurdkandi@sdsu.edu](nvosoughikurdkandi@sdsu.edu), [cmi@sdsu.edu](cmi@sdsu.edu)). density PSFB-CDC [4]. Using active power decoupling (APD) technique and full-bridge single-phase dual active bridge (FBSP-DAB) converter with soft switching capability, the charging configuration of the auxiliary battery in the EV driving charging mode was made in [5] . In [6], to eliminate the low-frequency harmonic currents in the high-voltage battery (HVB) charger when the HVB is charging, the LVABand EV-HVB were connected to each other using integrated active filter APM converter based on dual-voltage charging systems. A two-stage bidirectional design includ

FAQs

What problem does the proposed converter address for electric vehicles?

It integrates a PV unit and an auxiliary power module to supply low-voltage loads while also participating in EV battery management, isolated from the high-voltage battery for safe operation.

How many operation modes are defined, and what are they?

Three modes are defined: charging, discharging, and idle.

What control design methods are used to regulate the converter outputs?

Pole placement is used, supported by comprehensive large-signal and small-signal dynamic models, with two closed-loop control systems and state-feedback gains designed to achieve desired eigenvalues and stability margins.

Aug 25, 2026

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