Profiling of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lower Assam Region - A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Sep 21, 2026

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The study evaluates clinicopathological and demographic profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the lower Assam district and adjacent area using a retrospective observational design. Data comprise 140 histologically confirmed OSCC patients diagnosed at the Regional Cancer Centre from April 2022 to October 2023. Descriptive statistics were performed with SPSS 23.0. OSCC represented 23.97% of head-and-neck cancers, with higher incidence in males, peak cases in ages 50–59, buccal mucosa as the most common site, and predominance of well-differentiated tumors and advanced stages (III–IV).

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Pages4

Reading Time10 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study design and sample

Statistical analysis

Results

Conclusions

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Original Article Profiling of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lower Assam Region – A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study Abstract Background: Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide and the sixth most common type of all cancer in India. Among the oral malignancies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancer and hence a significant public health concern. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological and demographic profiling of OSCC in a district and adjacent area of lower Assam. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 histologically confirmed OSCC patients diagnosed at the Regional Cancer Centre in the district between the period 2022 April and 2023 October constitute our study sample size in this study. The duration of the study was 1½ years. Statistical Analysis: The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 was used. Results: OSCC constitutes 23.97% of head‑and‑neck cancer. The incidence of OSCC was higher in males. The highest number of patients was in the age group of 50–59. The most common site of OSCC was the buccal mucosa followed by the tongue. Most of the cases were well differentiated, the number being 82 (58.57%) . Most of the patients were in Stage III and Stage IV. Conclusions: The present study highlights that in the lower Assam region, the majority of the OSCC patients are middle‑aged male patients with advanced stages of OSCC. The findings from the present study can be used to compare the scenario of OSCC in other parts of Assam and North East India and also can be used for a follow‑up study. Keywords: Oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, retrospective Introduction Oral and lip cancer are one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN 2020, number of new cases of lip and oral cancer was 377,717 and number of deaths in 2020 due to oral cancer was 135,929[1] and new cancer deaths in 2020 worldwide, which represents 9.6% of new cancer cases and 4.72% of new cancer deaths in all populations.[1] Overall 57.7% of HNCs occur in Asia, especially in India, where it accounts for 30% of all cancers. In India, the total number of new cases of carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity was 104,661 (16.2%) in males and 31,268 (4.6%) was 125,244 in females. The mortality rate of carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity was 8.8% and 5‑year prevalence rate was 21.27% .[2] Smoking, alcohol consumption, tobacco, and betel quid chewing are three major risk factors for HNC.[3,4] Other proven This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‑commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. For reprints [contact:](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)[ WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com) carcinogenic factors include human papillomavirus infection, and poor oral hygiene, each of these risk factors results in different subtypes of HNCs at different levels; tobacco and betel quid chewing chiefly impact oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, cigarette smoking predominantly influence laryngeal cancer, and alcohol consumption has synergistic influence.[5,6] India is the third largest consumer of tobacco. Tobacco‑related cancer accounts for nearly 50% of all cancers among men and 25% of all cancers among women. The increased incidence of oral cancer can be attributed to exposure to carcinogenic risk factors such as tobacco.[7] Since the district and the adjacent areas have only one cancer center and also since literature search revealed that t

FAQs

What is the main purpose of the retrospective study on OSCC in lower Assam?

The study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and demographic profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a district and adjacent area of lower Assam.

How many OSCC patients were included, and where were they diagnosed?

A total of 140 histologically confirmed OSCC patients were included, diagnosed at the Regional Cancer Centre in the study district during April 2022 to October 2023.

What patient and tumor characteristics were most prominent in the findings?

The incidence was higher in males, the largest number of patients were aged 50–59, buccal mucosa was the most common site, most cases were well differentiated, and many patients were in Stage III and Stage IV.

Sep 21, 2026

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