Post-Modified Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Supercapacitors: A Review

Jul 18, 2026

Uploaded by Quinn

Urgent demand for environmentally friendly, renewable energy storage drives research into biomass-derived carbon materials for supercapacitors. The review synthesizes biomass sources and classifications, then outlines common preparation and post-modification routes. It systematically discusses electrochemical performance determinants including specific surface area, porosity, activator type, surface functional groups, and heteroatom doping, as well as activated-carbon based composites. Latest progress is critically assessed, with key challenges identified and future development trends for high-performance energy storage addressed.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages19

Reading Time48 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Biomass sources and classification

Preparation and post-modification methods

Factors affecting electrochemical performance

Specific surface area and porosity

Activator type and surface functional groups

Heteroatom doping and composites

Latest research progress and critical review

Challenges and future development trends

Sustainable Energy & Fuels REVIEW View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Cite this: Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 3541 Received 27th May 2023 Accepted 12th June 2023 DOI: 10.1039/d3se00697b[rsc.li/sustainable-energy](rsc.li/sustainable-energy) Post-modiﬁed biomass derived carbon materials for energy storage supercapacitors: a review Ke Liang,a Yanli Chen,*a Dan Wang,a Wenchang Wang,ab Shuyong Jia,c Naotoshi Mitsuzakicd and Zhidong Chen *a With the continuous consumption of fossil energy and the destruction of the ecological environment, it is urgent to develop environmentally friendly and renewable energy storage devices. Biomass is more suitable to be used as an active material in energy storage systems than other carbon materials because of its abundance, sustainability, natural pore structure, high safety factor, and low cost. In this review, the source and classiﬁcation of biomass and the common preparation and modiﬁcation methods of biomass carbon materials for supercapacitors are summarized, and the factors aﬀecting the electrochemical performance of biomass carbon materials are systematically discussed, such as speciﬁc surface area, porosity, activator type, surface functional groups, heteroatom doping, activated carbon-based composites, etc. The latest research progress in the preparation of biomass derived carbon materials for high performance supercapacitors is critically reviewed and summarized. At the same time, several challenges to be solved are analyzed, and the future development trends of biomass carbon materials in energy storage are prospected. 1. Introduction The excessive consumption of fossil fuels has led to resource shortages and environmental problems. With the development of science and technology and the continuous progress of society, people are aware of the crucial importance of energy storage and utilization in sustainable development. So far, a series of energy conversion and storage devices have been developed, such as solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium batteries. These devices need not only high speci􀀁c energy but also high speci􀀁c power. Among all kinds of energy storage devices, supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, have attracted extensive attention because of their advantages, such as convenient manufacturing, fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, wide operating temperature range, and excellent power density. They are considered tobe one of the most promising energy storage devices.1–3 According to diﬀerent energy storage mechanisms, supercapacitors can be divided into electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudo-capacitors (PCs), and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) . Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the three types of aJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou Unive

FAQs

Why are biomass-derived carbon materials suitable for supercapacitor energy storage?

Biomass is abundant and sustainable, provides a natural pore structure, supports high safety, and remains low-cost, making it more suitable than many other carbon sources for energy storage applications.

Which electrode mechanisms are used in supercapacitors?

Supercapacitors can operate as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudo-capacitors (PCs/Faraday-type quasi-capacitors), or hybrid supercapacitors that combine both mechanisms using asymmetric electrodes.

What key factors influence the electrochemical performance of biomass-derived carbon materials?

Performance is shaped by specific surface area, porosity, activator type, surface functional groups, heteroatom doping, and the use of activated carbon-based composites.

Jul 18, 2026

Uploaded by Quinn