Pesantren as the Three Centers of Education Perspective of Ki Hadjar Dewantara - Vol. 21 No. 1 - 2021

Oct 15, 2026

Debates about Indonesia’s full-day school system have persisted for a long time, yet pesantren boarding schools—operating beyond full-day models—remain increasingly attractive to parents. This study analyzes Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s (KHD) education concept through literature content analysis, focusing on the boarding school system. KHD argues the boarding model best serves national education by safeguarding children, preserving cultural traditions, and teaching nation- and state-aligned values through Tripusat Pendidikan: family, school, and community.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages19

Reading Time48 min

AccessFree to download

A. Introduction

Background and relevance of pesantren

Pesantren in the millennial era: challenges and transformation

Dewantara’s view: boarding school as national education

DINAMIKA ILMU Vol. 21 No. 1, 2021 P-ISSN: 1411-3031; E-ISSN: 2442-9651 doi: [http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.3149](http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.3149) Pesantren as the Three Centers of Education Perspective of Ki Hadjar Dewantara Taufikin State Islamic Institute of Kudus, Indonesia e-mail: [taufikin@iainkudus.ac.id](taufikin@iainkudus.ac.id) Abstract The pros and cons ofthe full-day school system in Indonesia have occurred for a longtime. However, the pesantren (boarding school), which uses more than a full day school system, is in fact more and more attractive to parents because it can educate their children more thoroughly. It turns out that the Ki Hadjar Dewantara (KHD) education concept also states that the boarding school system is the best for national education. With content analysis, KHD's documents are analyzed in this literature study, especially regarding the concept of education in the boarding school system. KHD tries to protect the nation's assets, namely children, through preserving their own cultural traditions and teaching values that are in accordance with the life of the nation and state through the three centers or three education centers, namely family, school, and community. To realize the success of the three centers of education in one place, KHD gave the idea that the boarding school system is the most ideal to be implemented for the character, intellectual and social manners. Keywords: community, family, pesantren, school, three centers of education A. Introduction The study of pesantren is very relevant to the Indonesian context as pesantren is part of the Islamic education subculture and ideal for the Indonesian Education model (Bashori, 2017; Hadiyyin, 2003; Hasan, 2015) . Pesantren always exists together with the development of life in Indonesia. It is because pesantren carries out the process of transformation, modernization, innovation, management, and curriculum design from time to time by Dinamika Ilmu, Volume 21(1), 2021 101 Taufikin adjusting human civilization, especially in Indonesia (Asifudin, 2016; Hasan, 2015; Ilyasin, 2020; Purnamasari, 2016; Saifuddin, 2015; Zamroji, 2017) . The challenges of the existence of pesantren in Indonesia, especially in the millennial era, still exist, given that Salafi pesantren still exists, the learning process is still traditional, the management is kyai-centered, and less concerned with the development of the times. This can be seen from the dress code, difficult adaptation to the modern world, the layout of the pondok is still less organized, and the lack of skills of alumni in following modern development (Yahya, 2015) . However, pesantren that has transformed by integrating various disciplines to make a pesantren which is modern, comprehensive, doing the integration of science, has made its existence increasingly sought after by parents for education for their children (Tolib, 2015) . Further, is the pesantren system in Indonesia only suitable for Islamic education? This question can be answered by reviewing the thoughts ofthe Father of National Education, Ki Hadjar Dewantara (KHD). That the most ideal national education is with the boarding school system (K. H. Dewantara, 1977) . This means that education, both Islamic and not, is by implementing the system of pondok pesantren/boarding school. Thus, the implementation of education can be done optimally, the relationship of educators with learners is closer, and the application of life patterns becomes easier because it happens in one environment. Interaction and application of Tripusat Pendidikan in the boarding school system will facilitate in educating morals/character of children, which is the main goal ofthe educational process. Why is a full-day school in question? Infact, pesantren education system, when viewed from the quality and quantity of time and learning materials it is, of course, more than the concept of full-day school education. The concept

FAQs

Why are pesantren boarding schools considered increasingly attractive in Indonesia?

They use an education system that goes beyond the full-day school model, allowing children to be educated more thoroughly.

How does Ki Hadjar Dewantara connect the boarding school system to national education?

He states that the boarding school system is the most ideal for national education and supports character and social development through Tripusat Pendidikan.

What are the main pros and cons discussed around the full-day school concept?

Supporters see it as stimulating sharper reasoning, while critics worry it could disturb established educational climates, particularly affecting madrasah diniyah institutions and related learning journeys.

Oct 15, 2026

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