Peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes in luminal breast carcinoma subtypes: in preliminary research and overview of candidate biomarker proteins

Q: Which peripheral blood cell type and disease subtypes are compared in the study?

The study analyzes CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood and compares proteomes across LumA, LumB-HER2−, LumB-HER2+, and benign disease, using healthy controls as references.

Q: What kinds of proteins are identified as key differential expression candidates?

Differentially expressed proteins between Lum BC and healthy controls include SRSF1, CSTB, KRT2, KRT5, HEL-S-11, APOB, APOE, and ITGA2B, with additional shared changes observed in benign versus control comparisons.

Q: How do pathway analyses contribute to the biomarker overview?

GSEA highlights enriched KEGG and Hallmark pathways that differ by Lum BC subtype, including downregulated pathways in LumA and distinct upregulated/downregulated pathway patterns in LumB-HER2− and LumB-HER2+.

Sep 23, 2026

Upload by Sophia Brooks

Mass spectrometry–based proteomics compares peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte proteomes across luminal breast carcinoma (Lum BC) subtypes—LumA, LumB-HER2−, LumB-HER2+—and benign disease against healthy controls. Differentially expressed proteins highlight candidate molecules altered consistently across Lum BC versus controls, while benign-to-control comparisons reveal shared changes across disease groups. Receiver operating performance and pathway enrichment further support feasible classifier proteins and immune-related signatures, with preliminary biomarker candidates summarized across cohorts.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages14

Reading Time35 min

AccessFree to download

Abstract

Study comparisons and differential expression

Classifier proteins and performance

Pathway enrichment and immune-related signatures

Implications for biomarker discovery

[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports) OPEN Peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes in luminal breast carcinoma subtypes: in preliminary research and overview of candidate biomarker proteins Michal Alexovič1􀀍, Peter Bober1, Miroslav Marcin1, Jozef Parnica1, Michal Marcin2, Marek Lenárt3, DávidTóth4, Jozef Radoňak3, Peter Urdzík4 & Ján Sabo1􀀍 “Surrogate” definitions of intrinsic subtypes, which imply the Ki67 proliferation marker, help to clinically distinguish luminal breast carcinomas (Lum BC). Here, mass spectrometry–based proteomicscan help analyse the protein content of malignant and normal cells and eventually distinguish patient samples from healthy controls at the molecular level. In this work, peripheral blood CD14 + monocyte proteomes ofthe LumA, LumB-HER2 − and LumB-HER2 + subtypes and those with benign disease were compared to healthy controls (HCs). Among differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), SRSF1, CSTB, KRT2, KRT5, HEL-S-11, APOB, APOEand ITGA2B are considered as significantly changed in all Lum BC vs HCs comparisons (FC ≥1.4 or ≤ 0.7, adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05), while the benign vs HCs comparison showed that KRT2 and KRT5 were common DEPs for all disease groups. APOB, APOE, CSTB, HEL-S-11, SRSF1, and ITGA2B hadAUC ≥0.6 in all Lum BC cohorts and may serve as feasible classifiers of random individuals. ENO1, KRT1, and ADIB were among the top 10 hits in LumA, LumBHER2 − and LumB-HER2+, respectively, and can also likely be related to Lum BC. GSEA (P-value < 0.05, FDR ≤0.25) identified significantly enriched KEGG Gonadotropin release hormone, KEGG Leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, and KEGG Calcium signalling pathways that were all downregulated in LumA. In LumB-HER2-, KEGG Ribosome and KEGG Lysosome pathways were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, while in LumB-HER2+, the HALLMARK MYC-Targets V2 pathway was found downregulated. The suggested study represents a preliminary research and overview of feasible candidate biomarker proteins in peripheral blood CD14 + monocytes of different Lum BC subtypes. Such proteins may reflect BC-related immune responses and therefore could help to subcategorise disease cohorts using a comparative proteomic approach. Keywords Candidate biomarker proteins, Comparative proteomics, Luminal breast carcinoma, Peripheral blood, CD14 + monocytes Abbreviations ADIB Adiponectin B APOB Apolipoprotein B APOE Apolipoprotein E CD68 Macrosialin CDC42 Cell division control protein 42 homolog CSTB Cystatin-B ENO1 Enolase 1 1Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP1, Košice 04011, Slovakia. 2Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice 04011, Slovakia. 31st Department of Surgery, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice & Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Košice 04011, Slovakia. 4Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice & Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Košice 04011, Slovakia. 􀀍 [email: michal.alexovic@upjs.sk](email: michal.alexovic@upjs.sk); [jan.sabo@upjs.sk](jan.sabo@upjs.sk) [www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports) FUCA1 Alpha-L-Fucosidase 1 GNAS Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GOLM2 Protein GOLM2 GRB2 Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 HEL-S-11 Carbonic anhydrase HEXA Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha HSPD1 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial IGF2R Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor ITGA2B Integrin alpha-IIb ITPR1 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR1 KRT1 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 KRT2 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal KRT5 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5 LAMP1 Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 MCM4 DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 NOLC1 Nucleolar and coiled-body phospho

FAQs

Which peripheral blood cell type and disease subtypes are compared in the study?

The study analyzes CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood and compares proteomes across LumA, LumB-HER2−, LumB-HER2+, and benign disease, using healthy controls as references.

What kinds of proteins are identified as key differential expression candidates?

Differentially expressed proteins between Lum BC and healthy controls include SRSF1, CSTB, KRT2, KRT5, HEL-S-11, APOB, APOE, and ITGA2B, with additional shared changes observed in benign versus control comparisons.

How do pathway analyses contribute to the biomarker overview?

GSEA highlights enriched KEGG and Hallmark pathways that differ by Lum BC subtype, including downregulated pathways in LumA and distinct upregulated/downregulated pathway patterns in LumB-HER2− and LumB-HER2+.

Sep 23, 2026

Upload by Sophia Brooks