Omniview of three-dimensional ultrasound for prospective evaluation of extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer

Sep 23, 2026

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Prospective evaluation of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) compares a novel three-dimensional ultrasound platform (3D-OmniView) with conventional two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) for preoperative assessment. Patients undergoing thyroid surgery for nodules adjacent to the thyroid capsule between February 2016 and January 2018 were enrolled, and ETE on ultrasound was defined by capsule disruption, or capsule disruption with surrounding tissue invasion. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and ROC AUC were calculated using intraoperative and pathological ETE as the reference standard.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

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Abstract

Background

Methods

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Liu et al. BMC Medical Imaging (2025) 25:42 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01572-w](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01572-w) BMC Medical Imaging RESEARCH Open Access Omniview of three-dimensional ultrasound for prospective evaluation of extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer Ruyu Liu 1, Yuxin Jiang2, Xingjian Lai2, Ying Wang2, Luying Gao2, Shenling Zhu2, Xiao Yang2, Ruina Zhao2, Xiaoyan Zhang2, Xuehua Xi3 and Bo Zhang4,5* Abstract Background Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers. The preoperative diagnosis of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in DTC patients is highly important. However, two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) has several limitations in diagnosing ETE. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of OmniView of threedimensional ultrasound (3D-OmniView) in assessing the ETE of DTC patients compared with that of 2D-US. Methods Patients who underwent thyroid surgery for nodules adjacent to the thyroid capsule between February 2016 and January 2018 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Both 2D-US and 3D-OmniView were used to evaluate ETE of thyroid nodules. The definition for ETE in ultrasound images was capsule disruption, or capsule disruption and surrounding tissue invasion. Intraoperative and pathological findings of ETE were considered positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Results A total of 176 DTC nodules from 137 patients were included in this study. ETE was identified in 67. 0% of the nodules. The sensitivity, accuracy, NPV and AUC of 3D-OmniView for predicting ETE were significantly greater than those of 2D-US. The sensitivity and specificity of 2D-US and 3D-OmniView were 51. 7% and 79. 7%, respectively (P < 0. 001), and 81 . 0% and 82 . 8%, respectively (P = 0 . 809) . Both 2D-US and 3D-OmniView showed better efficacy in evaluating ETE in nodules > 1 cm than in evaluating ETE in nodules ≤ 1 cm. Conclusion 3D-OmniView was more precise in predicting ETE of DTC nodules than 2D-US. 3D-OmniView is recommended for further evaluation of all thyroid nodules adjacent to the thyroid capsule. ETE was easier to detect by ultrasound for nodules > 1 cm than for nodules ≤ 1 cm. Keywords Extrathyroidal extension, OmniView, Three-dimensional ultrasound, Differentiated thyroid cancer, Twodimensional ultrasound, Thyroid nodule *Correspondence: Bo Zhang [zora19702006@163.com](zora19702006@163.com) Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://cre](http://cre)[ativecommons.org/l](ativecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Introduction Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) comprises more than 90% of all thyroid cancers [1]. The incidence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in thyroid cancer varies between 5 and 45% according to the current literature [2]. The presence of ETE

FAQs

What problem does the study address in differentiated thyroid cancer patients?

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in DTC is critical, and conventional two-dimensional ultrasound has limitations when diagnosing ETE.

How was ETE defined on ultrasound images in the study?

ETE was defined as capsule disruption, or capsule disruption with invasion of surrounding tissue on ultrasound images.

What is the main conclusion about 3D-OmniView compared with 2D-US?

3D-OmniView predicts ETE of DTC nodules more precisely than 2D-US and is recommended for evaluating thyroid nodules adjacent to the thyroid capsule.

Sep 23, 2026

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