Occupational Therapy–Based Physical Activity Questionnaire (OTBPAQ) Categorization of Physical Activity Composition Ratios of Older Individuals Living in the Community

Sep 28, 2026

Occupational Therapy–Based Physical Activity Questionnaire (OTBPAQ) is used to calculate and categorize the composition ratios of physical activity categories relative to total daily physical activity among older adults living in a community and to describe their characteristics. Participants completed the OTBPAQ along with questionnaires on participant factors including sex, age, family members, subjective well-being, hobbies and activities, physical pain, frailty, and physical activity. Cluster analysis assigned 499 individuals into five groups, showing differences in physical activity amount and number of activity categories across clusters, and supporting individualized intervention approaches.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages11

Reading Time28 min

AccessFree to download

Introduction

Participants and Methods

Results

Conclusion

Wiley Occupational Therapy International Volume 2025, Article ID 3980869, 11 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/oti/3980869](https://doi.org/10.1155/oti/3980869) Research Article Occupational Therapy–Based Physical Activity Questionnaire (OTBPAQ) Categorization of Physical Activity Composition Ratios of Older Individuals Living in the Community Daisuke Tashiro , Masahiro Ogawa , Makoto Otaki , Toshimichi Nakamae , Takako Morikawa , and Jumpei Oba Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Daisuke Tashiro; [tashiro@reha.kobegakuin.ac.jp](tashiro@reha.kobegakuin.ac.jp) Received 15 April 2025; Revised 12 November 2025; Accepted 14 November 2025 Academic Editor: Claudia Hilton Copyright © 2025 Daisuke Tashiro et al. Occupational Therapy International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: This study is aimed at calculating and categorizing the composition ratios of physical activity categories in relation to total daily physical activity among older adults living in a community using the Occupational Therapy–Based Physical Activity Questionnaire (OTBPAQ) and at examining their characteristics. Participants and Methods: The survey used the OTBPAQ to evaluate the composition of physical activity categories as well as a questionnaire on participant characteristics (sex, age, presence of family members, subjective well-being, hobbies and activities, physical pain, frailty, and physical activity) . The OTBPAQ was developed as an evaluation chart concerning the “occupation”category. Subsequently, cluster analysis was conducted based on the composition ratios of physical activity categories in relation to total daily physical activity, and the relevance of the participant characteristics was conﬁrmed for each extracted group. Results: A total of 499 participants were allocated using cluster analysis into ﬁve groups, namely, “balance-oriented group,”“aerobic exercise group,” “shopping group,” “sports group,” and “recreational gymnastics group,” based on the main activity categories of each cluster. Results showed that participant characteristics, such as the amount of physical activity and number of physical activity categories, diﬀered among the clusters. Conclusion: The OTBPAQ could extract ﬁve clusters of older adults in a community based on the composition ratio of physical activity categories. Examining the composition ratio of physical activity categories can facilitate a highly individualized approach to physical activity for each group, leading to more eﬀective care prevention measures to increase healthy life expectancy. Keywords: frailty; Kihon checklist; occupation; physical activity 1. Introduction With the increased global population of older adults in recent years, extending their healthy life expectancy has become a signiﬁcant goal. Physical activity is closely related to healthy life expectancy and has been shown to prevent cardiovascular symptoms [1, 2], reduce the risk of fallrelated fractures [3], maintain or improve physical ﬁtness [4, 5], and prevent frailty [6] . Physical activity consumes more energy than the resting state. It is broadly classiﬁed into two categories: “instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)” such as work, housework, and commuting to and from work and “exercise”that is performed in a planned and continuous manner to maintain and improve physical ﬁtness, including physical ﬁtness related to sports competitions and health [7] . The amount of physical activity is generally evaluated by“subjective evaluation,” in which the participants are asked 2 Occupational Therapy International to look back on their daily lives and indicate the time spent performing ph

FAQs

What is the purpose of using the OTBPAQ in this study?

The study uses the OTBPAQ to calculate and categorize how different physical activity categories contribute to total daily physical activity in community-dwelling older adults, and to examine group characteristics.

How were participants grouped in the results?

Using cluster analysis based on composition ratios of physical activity categories relative to total daily activity, 499 participants were allocated into five groups named by their main activity category patterns.

What does the study conclude about practical care or prevention?

By examining the composition ratios of physical activity categories, the OTBPAQ can identify five clusters, enabling more individualized physical-activity approaches and more effective care prevention measures to support healthy life expectancy.

Sep 28, 2026

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