Nationwide Longitudinal Annual Survey of HIV/AIDS Referral Hospitals in Japan From 1999 to 2021 - Trend in Non–AIDS-defining Cancers Among Individuals Infected With HIV-1 - research report

Sep 21, 2026

Nationwide surveillance examines non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in people living with HIV, motivated by improved survival and the need for accurate longitudinal incidence data. An annual nationwide questionnaire was sent to 378 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals in Japan from 1999 to 2021, capturing diagnoses of NADCs, time of onset, outcomes, and antiretroviral therapy status. In 2021, response and case-capture rates reached 37.8% and 81.2%, with reported NADC cases increasing over the study period. Lung, colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers were the most frequent, while pancreatic cancer had the highest mortality among NADCs. The study supports continued emphasis on cancer management awareness for HIV-infected patients.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryResearch & Report

FormatPDF

Pages10

Reading Time25 min

AccessFree to download

Background

Setting

Methods

Results

Incidence patterns and top cancers

Mortality and subgroup trends

Conclusions

Nationwide Longitudinal Annual Survey of HIV/AIDS Referral Hospitals in Japan From 1999 to 2021: Trend in Non–AIDS-deﬁning Cancers Among Individuals Infected With HIV-1 Takeshi Tanaka, MD, PhD,a Kazuhiro Oshima, MD, PhD,b Kei Kawano, MD, c Masato Tashiro, MD, PhD,a,d Satoshi Kakiuchi, MD, PhD,a Akitaka Tanaka, MD, PhD,a Ayumi Fujita, MD,a Nobuyuki Ashizawa, MD, PhD,a Misuzu Tsukamoto, MD, PhD,e Akira Yasuoka, MD, PhD,f Katsuji Teruya, MD, PhD,g and Koichi Izumikawa, MD, PhDa,d Background: Non–AIDS-deﬁning cancers (NADCs) in patients infected with HIV have recently attracted attention because of the improved survival of this patient population. To obtain accurate data, a longitudinal study is warranted for the nationwide surveillance of Received for publication June 10, 2023; accepted January 3, 2024 . From the aInfection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki Goto Chuoh Hospital, Goto-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; cDepartment of Hospital Medicine, Urasoe General Hospital, Urasoe-shi, Okinawa, Japan; dDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; eDepartment of Internal Medicine, Zenjinkai Hospital, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki, Japan; fDivision of Internal Medicine, Michinoo Hospital, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; and gDepartment of AIDS Clinical Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. K.T. received a grant (Grant No. 23fk0410038h0003) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) ([https://www.amed.go](https://www.amed.go). jp/en/) . The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation. The remaining authors have no funding or conﬂicts of interest to disclose. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s Web site ([www.jaids.com](www.jaids.com)). Data on the trends ofthe incidence of malignancies among patients infected with HIV have not been examined across the globe in a country-wise and longitudinal manner. Consequently, we conducted an annual nationwide survey, funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, to elucidate the current status and trends in the prevalence of NADCs among patients infected with HIV-1 in Japan between 1999 and 2021. Conceptualization: A.Y., K.T., and K.I. Data curation: T.T., K.O., K.K., Ma.T., S.K., A.T., A.F., N.A., Mi.T., A.Y., and K.I. Funding acquisition: K.T. Investigation: T.T., K.O., K.K., Ma.T., S.K., A.T., A.F., N.A., Mi.T., A.Y., and K.I. Project administration: T.T., K.O., K.K., Ma.T., S.K., A.T., A.F., N.A., Mi.T., A.Y., and K.I. Supervision: K.T. and K.I. Visualization: T.T. and K.O. Writing—original draft preparation: T.T. Writing—review and editing: K.I. All authors contributed substantially to this study. All authors have read and approved the ﬁnal version of the article. Correspondence to: Takeshi Tanaka, MD, PhD, Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan 852-8501 (e-mail: [ttakeshi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp](ttakeshi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp)). Copyright © 2024 The Author(s) . Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4 . 0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in anyway or used commercially without permission from the journal. the current status and national trend of NADCs in patients infected with HIV in Japan. Setting: An annual nationwide surveillance of NADCs in patients infected with HIV-1 in Japan from 1999 to 202

FAQs

Why was a nationwide longitudinal study needed for NADCs in people with HIV in Japan?

Improved survival has increased attention on non–AIDS-defining cancers, and global incidence trends had not been examined in a country-wise, longitudinal way. A longitudinal national approach was used to obtain accurate status and trend data.

How were data collected across Japanese HIV/AIDS referral hospitals from 1999 to 2021?

An annual questionnaire was mailed to 378 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals. Data included NADC diagnosis clusters, time of onset, outcomes, and antiretroviral therapy status.

What were the main findings about NADC incidence and mortality?

NADC cases increased over 23 years. Lung, colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers were the top four by incidence, and pancreatic cancer showed the highest mortality rate among NADCs, followed by lung cancer and leukemia.

Sep 21, 2026

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