MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma

Sep 21, 2026

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Photothermal therapy (PTT) can eradicate tumors by converting absorbed laser light into heat, selectively destroying cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. MXenes are studied as photosensitizing agents, but their tumor selectivity remains difficult. The article presents MXene–polydopamine–antiCEACAM1 antibody complexes, where anti-CEACAM1 is attached to Ti3C2Tx MXene via polydopamine, enabling targeted near-infrared ablation of CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells.

LanguageEnglish

CategoryHealthcare

FormatPDF

Pages15

Reading Time38 min

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Abstract

Introduction

Photothermal therapy (PTT) background

MXenes as photosensitizing agents

This article is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 [www.acsami.org](www.acsami.org) Research Article MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma Anastasia Konieva, Volodymyr Deineka, Kateryna Diedkova, Daniel Aguilar-Ferrer, Mykola Lyndin, Gunther Wennemuth, Viktoriia Korniienko, Sergiy Kyrylenko, Alexey Lihachev, Veronika Zahorodna, Ivan Baginskiy, Emerson Coy, Oleksiy Gogotsi, Agata Blacha-Grzechnik, Wojciech Simka, Irina Kube-Golovin, Igor Iatsunskyi, * and Maksym Pogorielov* Cite This: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 43302−43316 Read Online | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ACCESS | Metrics & More | | Article Recommendations | | *sı Supporting Information | ABSTRACT: Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a method for eradicating tumor tissues through the use of photothermal materials and photosensitizing agents that absorb light energy from laser sources and convert it into heat, which selectively targets and destroys cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. MXenes have been intensively investigated as photosensitizing agents for PTT. However, achieving the selectivity of MXenes to the tumor cells remains a challenge. Specific antibodies (Ab) against tumor antigens can achieve homing of the photosensitizing agents toward tumor cells, but their immobilization on MXene received little attention. Here, we offer a strategy for the selective ablation of melanoma cells using MXene-polydopamineantiCEACAM1 Ab complexes. We coated Ti3C2Tx MXene with polydopamine (PDA), a natural compound that attaches Ab to the MXene surface, followed by conjugation with an anti-CEACAM1 Ab. Our experiments confirm the biocompatibility of the Ti3C2Tx-PDA and Ti3C2Tx-PDA antiCEACAM1 Ab complexes across various cell types. We also established a protocol for the selective ablation of CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells using near-infrared irradiation. The obtained complexes exhibit high selectivity and efficiency in targeting and eliminating CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells while sparing CEACAM1-negative cells. These results demonstrate the potential of MXene-PDA-Ab complexes for cancer therapy. They underline the critical role of targeted therapies in oncology, offering a promising avenue for the precise and safe treatment of melanoma and possibly other cancers characterized by specific biomarkers. Future research will aim to refine these complexes for clinical use, paving the way for new strategies for cancer treatment. KEYWORDS: MXene, photothermal ablation, targeted delivery, CEACAM1, antibody immobilization, anticancer therapy 1. INTRODUCTION The prevalence of melanoma is on the rise worldwide, particularly among fair-skinned individuals who are exposed to excessive sunlight, with a current incidence rate of 10−25 new cases per 100 000 people in Europe. Recent years have witnessed a significant surge in cases among individuals aged 60 and above, particularly among men in certain European regions, such as Southern and Eastern Europe. However, the incidence of melanoma continues to climb across all age groups, and this upward trend is expected to persist for decades to come.1 Surgical excision is the primary approach for treating localized melanomas, especially when combined with early screening.2 In cases of recurrent or advanced cancer, the use of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors2 has shown encouraging clinical results.3 However, a notable challenge in targeted therapy is the rapid development of resistance following the initial positive response.4 This resistance can arise through various mecha- nisms such as genetic mutations in the target protein, activation of alternative signaling pathways, or phenotypic changes in cancer cells. Current research is focused on understanding these mechanisms in greater detail and developing combination therapies, next-generation inhibitors, and novel strategies to prevent or over

FAQs

How does the MXene–polydopamine–antiCEACAM1 complex achieve targeted melanoma ablation?

Ti3C2Tx MXene is coated with polydopamine to immobilize an anti-CEACAM1 antibody, directing the photosensitizing agent toward CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells for near-infrared–triggered ablation.

What role does near-infrared irradiation play in the treatment protocol?

Near-infrared irradiation activates the photothermal effect of the complexes, enabling selective destruction of CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells while sparing CEACAM1-negative cells.

Why is antibody immobilization on MXene an important focus of this strategy?

The article highlights that antibody immobilization on MXenes had received limited attention and addresses this by using polydopamine as a linker to attach antibodies to the MXene surface for enhanced tumor selectivity.

Sep 21, 2026

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